AP Psych Unit 1: Roots of Psychology

plato + socrates

believed mind-controlled body + mind went on afterlife (seperate things) + you’re born with your knowledge

aristotle

start with a blank slate and then learn (knowledge gained from experience)

descartes

believed mind controlled body and went on after life (seperate things) + nerve paths in animals + wanted to figure out how the mind and body communicates

francis bacon

scientific method + founder of modern science + studied why mind loved pattern recognition + wrote “Novum Organum”

locke

tabula rasa + empiricism + not a psychologist + mind empty and then learn as we grow + wrote “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding”

wilhelm wundt

did the first psych lab (ball hitting platform reaction time lab) + german + taught about structuralism + wanted to measure “atoms of the mind”

Stanley Hall

wundt student + published first formal psych lab at jhu

titchner

wundt student + father of structuralism (officialized it) + self-reflective introspection +

charles darwin

theory of evolution + survival of the fittest + base of functionalism + wrote “On the Origin of Species”

william james

father of functionalism (teacher of calkins) + why do senses do what they do + influenced by darwin + writer plus really funny guy + wrote “the Princicples of Psychology”

marie w calkins

taught by james + functionalism + rejected from harvard phd + offered radcliff college degree but rejected+ first female president of APA

margaret f washburn

first woman to recieve psych phd + animal mind study + wrote a book called “The Animal Mind” + second female president of APA

john watson

clanged two poles behind baby head when baby see rabbit to make baby scared of rabbit (little albert experiment) baby die

sigmund freud

things that happened in your childhood shapes your personality (basically the psychodynamic approach)

bf skinner

shaped behavior through rewards and punishments + rat box (give rat food = rat learn press lever) + conditioning + rejected introspection + “the scientific study of observable behavior.”

rosalie rayners

helped w the lil albert experiment

maslow + rogers

bro thought frued was too limiting + not childhood experiences but like everything in general

pavlov

behavior amongst animals is learned + rung bell everytime give dog food and then stopped giving dog food but dog stipid so dog salivaite

dorthea dix

bro supported mental health care reform + she one of us fr

tarasoff

guy who wanted to murder a girl and told his therapist about it, then did it: duty to warn law passed

iacuc

institutional animal care and use control

institutional review boards

in colleges and universities: give permission to validify their research

hippocratez

fuck women man they dumbass bitches (more mentally unstable)

empiricism

idea that what we know comes from experience + observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

structuralism

studied the contents of the mind through the use of lab experiments and introspection (looking inside urself) + what mind is

behavioralism

studies how environment affects ur actions n stuff idk if this is important

functionalism

used direct observation and fieldwork in order to better understand the adaptive function of behavior (observes ur actions) + what mind does

cognitive neuroscience

nature vs nurture

born w knowledge vs learn knowledge

3 levels of analysis

biological, psychological, social cultural (forms biopsychosocial approach used to analyse any situation)

biological approach

natural selection, brain, hormones, how does the way they were born affect a situation

psychological approach

learned emotions, fears, traits, congnitive processing methods, how does the way their brain work and they think affect a situation

sociocultural approach

environment, peer pressure, learned habits, culture, family, how does the environment they live in affect a situation

7 psychological approaches

thumb: psychodynamic

index: cognitive

middle: behavioral + sociocultural

ring: humanistic

pinky: biological

new finger (?): evolutionary

psychodynamic approach

looks into past for repressed memories (how behavior comes from the unconscious) (remember how koby’s dad died from a car crash so psychological trauma)

cognitive approach

examines thoughts, schemas, beliefs, remembering, reasoning, problem solving (believed bro could drive while texting cuz he did it all the time)

behavioral + sociocultural approach

learned behavior and responses plus how they learn from social norms (remember the texting while driving thing cuz peer pressure)

humanistic approach

unconditional positive regard to help reach full potential, basically personal growth and reaching full potential (wtf)

biological approach

understanding the brain and how body + brain work together to create emotions and stuff

evolutionary approach

our ancestors and what we inherit from them (inherited adhd so bro could not focus L)

applied psychology

using research done and applying it on people

basic psychology

research done to increase knowledge

biological psychologists

explore link between brain and mind

experimental pyschologists

perform reseach to understand how humans operate

developmental psychologists

study changing abilities from womb to tomb

cognitive psychologists

experiment with how we perceive and react to things

educational psychologists

study influences of teaching and learning

personality psychologists

investigate persistant traits

social psychologists

how we view and effect each other

psychiatrists

prescribe drugs and provide psychotherapy + treat illnesses causing psych disorders

clinical psychologists

treat mental emotional and behavioral disorders

counseling psychologists

help people cope w their life

io (industrial/organizational) psychologists

use psych in the workplace to help organizations select and train employees, boost productivity and design products

community psychologists

create social and physical environments that are healthy for everyone

human factors psychologists

focus on the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments

forensic psychologists

work with attorneys, judge, and law professionals to determine psych elements in legal cases

psychometrics

study of measuring our abilities attitudes and traits

3 main components to scientific attitude

1. skepticism
2. curiousity
3. humility