Phi 101- epistemology

unit 1 of philosophy all combined reading quizzes

(Beardsleys) If the search for good reasons for our beliefs is carried far enough, the searcher confronts questions of ____

Philosophy

(Beardsleys) Philosophical questions have two characteristics: they are highly ______ and highly_______

General, fundamental

(Beardsleys) Philosophical thinking includes both ______ and _______beliefs.

Exploring, examining

(Beardsleys) Three benefits of philosophy are (1) increased _____ in your own beliefs, (2) increased assurance that your beliefs are _____ , and (3) increased ______ among your beliefs.

clearness, reasonable, consistency

(Beardsleys) Our beliefs—including our philosophical beliefs—have a considerable influence on our ____________.

Actions

(Russell) Philosophy differs from physical science because while physical science yields technological benefits for mankind, philosophy only benefits the practitioner.

true

(Russell) “The goods of the _____ are at least as important as the goods of the ______ .”

Mind, body

(Russell) Philosophy aims primarily at ________.

Knowledge

(Russell) The value of philosophy lies largely in its __________

Uncertainty

(Russell) The mind’s highest good consists in

Intellectual virtue

If the prosecuting attorney’s claims are correct, then the defendant is guilty. The defendant is guilty. Therefore, the prosecuting attorney’s claims are correct.

Invalid

If the prosecuting attorney’s claims are correct, then the defendant is guilty. The defendant is not guilty. Therefore, the prosecuting attorney’s claims are correct.

Invalid

If the prosecuting attorney’s claims are correct, then the defendant is guilty. The defendant is not guilty. Therefore, the prosecuting attorney’s claims are not correct.

Valid; modus tollens

If the prosecuting attorney’s claims are correct, then the defendant is guilty. The defendant is guilty. Therefore, the prosecuting attorney’s claims are not correct.

Invalid

If UFOs exist, then there is life on other planets. UFOs do not exist. Thus it is not the case that there is life on other planets.

Invalid 

If UFOs exist, then there is life on other planets. UFOs do not exist. Thus, there is life on other planets.

Invalid

If you take 1000 mg of vitamin C every day, then you will not get a cold. You get a cold. Thus, you did not take 1000 mg of vitamin C every day.

Valid; modus tollens

Descartes is French. If Descartes if French, then he is a philosopher. So Descartes must be a philosopher.

Valid; modus ponens

If you finished the job by Friday, then you got the bonus. You did not finish the job by Friday. Thus, you did not get the bonus.

Invalid

If you take 1000 mg of vitamin C every day, then you will not get a cold. You did not get a cold. Thus, you did take 1000 mg of vitamin C every day.

Invalid

If I live in the White House, then I am the POTUS. I am not the POTUS. Therefore, I do not live in the White House.

Correct: Valid—modus tollens

Robert drove south on I-15 from Las Vegas. If Robert drove south on I-15 from Las Vegas, then Robert got to Los Angeles. Therefore, Robert got to Los Angeles.

Valid—modus ponens

You don’t get the bonus. If you finished the job by Friday, then you get the bonus. Thus, you did not finish the job by Friday.

Valid—modus tollens

I live in the White House. If I live in the White House, then I am the President of the United States (POTUS). Therefore, I am the POTUS.

Correct: Valid—modus ponens

Other countries don’t resent our cultural imperialism. If we spread democracy to other countries, they do resent our cultural imperialism. So we must not be spreading democracy to other countries.

Valid—modus tollens

We spread democracy to other countries. If we spread democracy to other countries, they resent our cultural imperialism. So other countries resent our cultural imperialism.

Valid—modus ponens

It can’t be Friday, because if it’s Friday, then the sky is blue, and the sky is not blue.

Correct: valid—modus tollens

If bananas are fruit, then bananas are plants. If bananas are plants, then bananas use photosynthesis. So, if bananas are fruit, then bananas use photosynthesis.

Correct: Valid—but neither MP nor MT

If your motorcycle is burning oil, then it is wasting energy. If your motorcycle is burning oil, then it is also wasting your money. So if your motorcycle is wasting energy, then it is also wasting your money.

Invalid

Either January or February was the coldest month this year. January was clearly not the coldest month. Therefore, February was the coldest month this year.

Valid—but neither MP nor MT

this is the end on MP MT and Validity, I need to start on argueuments for week 1 under intro to logic and arguemnts