unit 1 brain structures // ap psych

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hindbrain

controls basic biological structures; medulla, pons, cerebellum

midbrain

controls simple movements with sensory info; reticular formation

forebrain

most complicated region; thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex

brain stem

shared stalk between creatures with complex brains; connects brain to spinal chord

medulla oblongata

heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure

pons

sleep-wake cycle and facial expressions

thalamus

receives info and sends it to appropriate areas of the forebrain; sensory switchboard but NOT SMELL

reticular formation

distributed throughout brainstem; arousal, consciousness, movement, and sensation

cerebellum

fine motor skills and body movements

limbic system

hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus; emotional center

hypothalamus

eating, drinking, body temperature, and emotion

amygdala

memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression

hippocampus

process explicit memories for storage

cerebral cortex

made up of fissures and gray matter, divided into eight lobes, four in each hemisphere (occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal)

fissures

brain wrinkles; increase surface area of brain

gray matter

densely packed neurons

association areas

any areas not dealing with senses or muscles

occipital lobe

visual cortex; visual input from eyes

parietal lobe

sensory cortex; incoming touch sensations

temporal lobe

auditory cortex; sound coming from ears AND wernicke's area

wernicke's area

left temporal lobe; language comprehension

frontal lobe

motor cortex; muscle movements AND prefrontal cortex; judgement and critical thinking AND broca's area

broca's area

frontal lobe; speech production

contralateral control

left brain controls right body and vise versa

corpus callosum

attaches 2 hemispheres of cerebral cortex

split brain patient

removed corpus callosum to relieve epilepsy

sperry experiment

cut through corpus callosum in attempt to relieve epilepsy

peripheral nervous system

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

somatic nervous system

voluntary muscle movements; efferent/motor neurons

autonomic nervous system

automatic bodily functions; afferent/sensory neurons

sympathetic nervous system

part of autonomic; dealing with stressful events

parasympathetic nervous system

part of autonomic; automatic calming body after stress