Cell Biology Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and key concepts from the cell biology lecture, including cell theory, types of cells, cell organelles, and their functions.

Cell Theory

All cells arise from pre-existing cells, organisms are made of cells, and cells are the simplest unit of life.

Light Microscopy

A technique using visible light to view samples, allowing observation of living cells, but with lower magnifying power than electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy

A method of microscopy that uses electrons to create an image of the sample; includes Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; examples include eubacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; typically larger than prokaryotic cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis; includes Rough ER (with ribosomes) and Smooth ER (without ribosomes).

Ribosomes

Molecular machines that synthesize proteins; can be free in cytosol or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes for cellular digestion.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell; site of ATP production through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells; responsible for photosynthesis and glucose production.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provides structural support and is involved in movement of cells and organelles.

Plasmodesmata

Channels in plant cells that allow for transport and communication between adjacent cells.

Gap Junctions

Connections between animal cells that facilitate communication and sharing of molecules.