Studied by 137 peopleAdministered boundaries
a border that is actively managed, protected, and administered by a sovereign government.
African Union
The organization that replaced the Organization of African Unity in 2001; designed to bring about increased political and economic integration of African states.
American Indian reservations
A reservation is an area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs. ... Today, tribes possess tribal sovereignty, even though it is limited by federal and state/local law.
Anocracy (p.288)
Is a form of government that is loosely defined as part democracy and part dictatorship, or as a "regime that mixes democratic with autocratic features."
Antecedent boundaries
a political boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in a place while people moved into occupy the surroundings.
Arctic Council
A multilateral organization composed of representatives from the eight circumpolar states and six indigenous organizations.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
A trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations
Autocracy (p.288)
Government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch.
Autonomous regions
Areas that have limited self-government within a sovereign country; used especially of areas in China where ethnic minorities have been granted some autonomy.
Boundary
An invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory
Chokepoints
Strategic narrow passageways on land or sea that may be easily closed off by force or even the threat of force.
Compact state
A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
Consequent boundaries
Boundary that coincides with a particular cultural divide (such as religion, language, or ethnicity); a.k.a. cultural boundaries.
Defined boundaries
A mutually accepted border between two places
Delimited boundaries
Process of drawing political boundaries. Often controversial and changing.
Demarcated boundaries
A border that is physically marked off with a wall, fence, or other structure
Demilitarized zones
Area from which military forces are prohibited.
Democratization
A process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one.
Devolution
The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.
Ethnic Cleansing
Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.
Ethnic separatism
The advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.
Ethnonationalism
The tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence. A fundamental centrifugal force.
European Union (EU)
(syn Common Market) an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among its members
Exclusive economic zones (EEZ)
An area from the shore in which a state has rights to explore, exploit, and manage natural resources in the seas.
Federal states
An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.
Fragmented State
A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.
Geometric boundaries
Political boundary defined and delimited (and occasionally demarcated) as a straight line or an arc.
Gerrymandering
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
Independent State
A state that is sovereign; one that operates independently internationally
Irredentism
The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state.
Landlocked state
A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes
Legitimacy
Political authority conferred by law or by a state or national constitution
Maritime boundaries
A conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography.
Multiethnic state
state that contains more than one ethnicity (ex. U.S.)
Multinational states
State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.
Multistate nations
A single ethnic group divided into several different, independent political units or states.
Nations
A large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
Nation-states
a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.
Neocolonialism
Also called economic imperialism, this is the domination of newly independent countries by foreign business interests that causes colonial-style economies to continue, which often caused monoculture (a country only producing one main export like sugar, oil, etc).
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved.
Perforated State
A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.
Prorupted State
A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory.
Redistricting
The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
Relic boundaries
Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography.
Self-determination
The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
Semi-autonomous regions
Areas in China that want to be independent from the rest of China.
Shatterbelt region
A region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals.
Sovereignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
State
An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.
Stateless nations
People groups without established sovereign borders; such as Kurds or Palestinians
Subsequent boundaries
Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area
Superimposed boundaries
A boundary made through colonization without regard to prior ethnic/cultural patterns (e.g. borders of most African countries)
Supranationalism
A venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives.
Supranational organizations
Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.
Territoriality
In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.
Territorial seas
Zone of sovereignty extending 12 nautical miles from the coast of a country.
Terrorism
Acts of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population
United Nations (UN)
An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security.
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.
Unitary states
Political power is concentrated at the national level and local authority is limited.
Voting districts
Generic term adopted by the Bureau of the Census ... to define their State and local legislative districts, as well as the districts they.
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