Chemistry - Chapter 8 - Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Four driving forces that cause reactions

Formation of a solid, water, or gas; transfer of electrons

precipitation reaction

one in which a solid forms; usually double-replacement, but can be single-replacement

molecular equation

shows complete formulas of all reactants and products

complete ionic equation

lists out all ions and their charges

net ionic equation

only includes the components of the reaction that undergo a change (spectator ions not shown)

strong acid

one in which virtually every molecule ionizes in water to an H+ ion and an anion

strong base

a metal hydroxide that is completely soluble in water, giving separate OH- ions and cations

acid-base reaction

forms water and a salt; can be double-replacement or single-replacement

oxidation-reduction reaction

reactions between metals and nonmetals involving a transfer of electrons; includes combustion, synthesis, and decomposition reactions

synthesis reaction

A + X —> AX

decomposition reaction

BY —> B + Y

combustion reaction

O2 on the left side of the equation

double-replacement reaction

AX + BY —> AY + BX

single-replacement reaction

A + BX —> AX + B