Human Embryology Exam 1 Review

Flashcards about gametogenesis, early embryogenesis, and somite differentiation.

Where do primordial germ cells initially arise and migrate to?

They arise in the epiblast region of the early embryo near the posterior primitive streak, then migrate to the endoderm of the hindgut.

Where does the entire process of spermatogenesis take place?

It takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and does not occur until puberty.

What are the parts of a mature sperm, and what is their role?

A mature sperm has a tail (motility), head (breaks off the tail), acrosomal cap (enzymes), and a gunk layer around the head (enzymes).

Understand the difference between spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in terms of the processes that are occurring.

Spermatogenesis is the is the whole process of the male sperm division. Spermiogenesis is the final step of spermatogenesis which makes the mature motile spermatozoa.

Where does the oocyte reside in the fallopian tube before fertilization?

The oocyte resides in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

What is the function of the acrosome cap?

The acrosomal cap allows access into the cell of the oocyte.

What is a blastocyst and when does it form?

A blastocyst is roughly 4 days in fertilized an has 32 cells and what forms into the embryo.

What role is played by the proliferation of the hypoblast?

The hypoblasts start off one layer deep below the epiblasts and spread throughout the cell. It is apart of the embryonic disc and ends up becoming the endoderm which is the deepest layer. It helps create the primary yolk sac.

What is the prochordal plate? What will it become?

The prechordal plate is on the left side or mouth side of the egg while the primitive streak is on the right or end of the egg. It’s a thickened region of the endoderm cells on the anterior side. Right in front of the notochord. It will become the oropharyngeal membrane or the mouth.

What happens to the connecting stalk during the 3rd week of development?

The connecting stalk moves to the right side of the cell and causes the yolk sac to create the allantois, it will become the umbilical cord.