LIFE ORIENTATION - GRADE 12 (2024)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes.

Stress

A physiological and psychological response to perceived demands or threats, part of adapting to change.

Stressors

Factors or events that trigger stress, including physical, emotional, social and environmental domains.

Positive stress

Eustress; motivating, short-term stress that can enhance performance.

Negative stress

Distress; harmful stress that can impair health and functioning.

Coping mechanisms

Strategies used to manage stress, such as relaxation, planning, exercise, and social support.

Stress management

Systematic use of skills to reduce and control stress levels.

Signs and symptoms of stress

Physical, emotional, cognitive indicators like headaches, irritability, sleep disturbance.

Stress prevention

Actions to reduce risk of excessive stress (planning, healthy lifestyle, boundaries).

Change

A process of becoming different requiring adaptation.

Quality of life

Overall well-being across physical, mental, social dimensions.

Abuse

Mistreatment or harm in physical, emotional, social or environmental contexts.

Vocation

Career path or calling; occupation pursued as a vocation.

Life crises

significant life events causing stress or transition.

Personality

Individual pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving shaping responses to stress.

Social pressure

Influence from others to conform or act in a certain way.

Physical stressor

External physical demands that induce stress (noise, injury, heat).

Emotional stressor

Events affecting feelings (grief, anger, fear) provoking stress.

Social stressor

Relational or peer-related demands causing stress (conflict, isolation).

Environmental stressor

Environmental factors such as pollution, safety, or disasters.

Interpersonal conflict

Disagreement or clash between two or more people.

Intrapersonal conflict

Internal conflict within a person over values or goals.

Conflict avoidance

Tendency to avoid addressing conflicts rather than resolving them.

Competing

A conflict style aimed at winning with little concern for others' needs.

Compromising

Finding a middle ground that partially satisfies all parties.

Accommodating

Prioritizing others' needs over one's own to preserve harmony.

Collaboration

Working jointly to reach a solution that satisfies all parties.

Relationship

Social connection between individuals or groups.

Initiating relationships

Starting new personal, social or professional ties.

Building relationships

Developing trust, communication and mutual understanding.

Sustaining relationships

Maintaining and nurturing relationships over time.

Communication

Sharing information, thoughts and feelings effectively.

Understanding others

Perceiving others’ perspectives and emotions accurately.

Communicating feelings

Expressing emotions clearly and appropriately.

Beliefs

Personal convictions or accepted truths.

Attitudes

Established ways of thinking or feeling that influence behavior.

Values

Core principles that guide decisions and actions.

Acceptance of responsibilities

Willingness to take on duties and obligations.

Expression of views

Articulating opinions openly and respectfully.

Respect for others' feelings

Acknowledging and considering others’ emotional states.

Personal growth

Development of abilities, skills and character.

Adapting to growth and change

Adjusting to new circumstances or roles.

Change in circumstances

Shifts in personal, social or work life requiring adaptation.

Transition between school and post-school

Move from education to work, further study or training.

Accommodation planning

Organizing living arrangements and housing options.

Travel arrangements

Planning transportation for moving or post-school transitions.

Study plan

Structured approach to studying and exam preparation.

NSC

National Senior Certificate; South Africa’s senior secondary qualification.

Time management

Organizing time efficiently to meet goals and deadlines.

Examination writing skills

Strategies for planning, answering and presenting exam responses.

Research opportunities (work or study)

Places to gain experience or further learning through research.

Admission requirements

Entry criteria for a course, program or institution.

Funding opportunities

Scholarships, grants or loans available for study or study-related costs.

National Benchmark Tests (NBT)

Standardized tests used for admission and placement in SA higher education.

Khetha Booklet

Career guidance booklet used for activities and planning.

Unemployment

Lack of paid work when seeking employment.

Volunteering

Unpaid work aimed at helping a cause or gaining experience.

Part-time jobs

Employment with reduced hours compared to full-time work.

Community work

Volunteer efforts contributing to community well-being.

Informal jobs

Casual, unregistered or non-traditional employment.

Entrepreneur

Person who starts and runs a business venture.

Niche in job market

A specialized segment where one can competitively work.

Small businesses

Independent, often locally owned enterprises with limited scale.

Social entrepreneurship

Using business methods to solve social problems.

E-businesses

Businesses conducted primarily online.

Innovative entrepreneurship

Ventures based on novel products, services or processes.

Cultural entrepreneurship

Venture rooted in culture or heritage with economic aims.

SARS tax obligations

Tax obligations under South African Revenue Service regulations.

Financial viability

Ability of a venture to be profitable and sustainable.

Fraud

Wrongful deception for personal or organizational gain.

Corruption

Abuse of entrusted power for private gain.

Embezzlement

Misappropriation of funds by someone in a trusted position.

Cronyism

Favoritism shown to friends or associates in hiring or awarding work.

Nepotism

Favoritism shown to relatives in hiring or advancement.

Bribery

Offering or receiving something of value to influence actions.

Causes of fraud

Reasons people commit fraud, such as greed or desperation.

Impact of corruption

Effects on individuals, companies, communities and nations.

Prevention of fraud

Measures to deter, detect and respond to fraud.

Role of media in democracy

Media acts as watchdog, disseminator, forum for debate and accountability.

Watchdog

Media monitoring power and exposing wrongdoing.

Information dissemination

Spreading timely and accurate information to the public.

Public debate

Open discussion among citizens on societal issues.

Transparency and accountability

Openness of actions and responsibility for results.

Representation and diversity

Media includes diverse voices to avoid a single narrative.

Investigative journalism

In-depth reporting that uncovers corruption or abuse of power.

Bias

Prejudice or favoritism that can skew reporting.

Sensationalism

Exaggeration to provoke public interest or emotion.

False information

Deliberately incorrect or misleading content.

Impartiality

Neutral, unbiased reporting without favoritism.

Media independence

Freedom from government or corporate control in reporting.

Freedom of the press

Right to publish and disseminate information without undue restriction.

Social media footprint

Digital trace of a person’s activities across platforms.

Cyber wellness

Healthy online habits and positive digital well-being.

Cyber safety

Protection from online threats and safe online behavior.

Cyber bullying

Harassment or harm conducted through digital platforms.

Privacy concerns

Worries about how personal data is collected and used online.

Online predators

Individuals who exploit others online, especially youth.

Fake news

Deliberately false information presented as fact.

Misinformation

Incorrect or misleading information shared unintentionally.

Cybersecurity tips

Practical steps to protect digital information (passwords, updates, caution).

Two-factor authentication

Extra security requiring two methods to verify identity.