Structure and Function of Respiratory System

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38 Terms

1

main function of respiratory system

gas exchange blood storage regulate vasoconstricting substances

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2

Structure of the lungs

soft spongy cone shaped organs located side by side in the chest cavity

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3

apex

upper part of the lung lying against top of thoracic cavity

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4

base

lower part of the lung lying on diaphragm

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5

ventilation

movement of air in and out of the lungs

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6

perfusion

movement of blood through the lungs

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7

respiration

diffusion of gases between the lungs and the blood

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8

Larynx structure

connects the oropharynx with the trachea

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9

Larynx function

produce speech protect lungs

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10

type I alveolar cells

flat squamous epithelial cells across which gas exchange takes place

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11

type 2 alveolar cells

produce surfactant decreasing surface tension

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12

pulmonary circulation

arises from the pulmonary artery and provides for gas exchange function of the lungs

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13

bronchial circulation

arises from thoracic aorta, supply blood to airways and supporting structure of lung, distributes blood to airways and humidifies air

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14

lymphatic circulation

superficial vessels drain the surface of the lung and travel in connective tissue of visceral pleura

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15

intrapulmonary pressure

inside the airways and alveoli

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16

intrapleural pressure

pressure in the pleural cavity

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17

intrathoracic pressure

pressure in thoracic cavity

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18

diaphragm

principal muscle of inspiration

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19

example of accessory muscles of inhalation

ribs

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20

airway resistance

the impediment to flow that air encounters as it moves though airways, related to pressure different in lungs and atmosphere

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21

laminar flow

low flow rates, air is parallel to sides of airway

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22

turbulent

disorganized flow accounts for respiratory sounds that are heard during chest auscultation

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23

pulmonary ventilation

total exchange of gases between atmosphere and lungs

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24

alveolar ventilation

ventilation in the gas exchange portion of the lungs

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25

distribution ventilation

varies with lung volume and body position

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26

dead air space ventilation

air moved with each breathe but not in gas exchange

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27

perfusion

blood flow through the pulmonary capillary beds

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28

shunt

blood moving side to side of circulation without oxygen

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29

dead air space

areas of the lung are ventilated but not perfused

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30

shunt

areas of the lung perfused but not ventilated

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31

diffusion is influenced by:

surface area thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane and differences in partial pressure of gas on either side of membrane

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32

Arterial blood gas

blood drain from arteries

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33

hypoxemia

lack of oxygen in the blood

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34

peripheral chemoreceptors

measure PO2 in arterial blood

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35

automatic regulation of ventilation

controlled by input from chemoreceptors or lung receptors

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36

cough reflex

protects the lung from accumulation of secretions from artery or irritating destructive substances

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37

Cheyne stokes

abnormal breathing, characterized by oscillation

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38

associated dyspnea conditions

heart disease and neuromuscular disorders

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