APES Unit 2 Vocab

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20 Terms

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Specialists

Species that live only under a narrow range of biotic or abiotic conditions.

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Generalists

Species that can live under a wide range of biotic or abiotic conditions.

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Species Richness

The number of different species in a given area.

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Species Eveness

The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area.

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Island Biogeography

The study of how species are distributed and interacting on islands.

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Ecological Tolerance/Fundamental Niche

The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce.

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Realized Niche

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives.

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Mass Extinction

A large number of species that went extinct over a relatively short period of time.

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Periodic Disruption

Occurring regularly, such as the cycles of day and night or the daily and monthly cycles of the moon’s effect on ocean tides.

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Episodic Disruption

Occurring somewhat regularly, such as cycles of high rain and low rain that occur every 5 to 10 years.

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Random Disruption

Occurring with no regular pattern, such as volcanic eruptions or hurricanes.

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Resistance

In an ecosystem, a measure of how much a disruption can affect the flows of energy and matter.

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Resilience

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disruption.

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Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance will favor a higher level of diversity of species than those with high or low disturbance levels.

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Evolution by Artificial Selection

The process in which humans determine which individuals to breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind.

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Evolution by Natural Selection

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce.

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Fitness

An individuals ability to survive and reproduce.

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Adaptation

A trait that improves an individual’s fitness.

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Allopatric Speciation

The process of speciation that occurs with geographical isolation.

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Sympatric Speciation

The evolution of one species into two species without any geographic isolation.