Immune System: Key Concepts and Cell Types for Study

What are the first line of defense in the immune system?

Surface barriers

What are the second line of defense against pathogens?

Internal defenses

What are the two types of surface barriers?

Dry membranes and moist membranes

List the five components of internal defense.

Phagocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammation, fever, and leukocytes

What are the two types of phagocytes?

Macrophages and neutrophils

What are the six steps of phagocytosis?

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing, and exocytosis

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

List the four steps of phagocyte mobilization.

Leukocytosis, margination, diapedesis, and chemotaxis

What are the two types of antimicrobial proteins?

Interferons and complement proteins

What is a shortcoming of the adaptive immune system?

It takes time to mount a response after the first exposure to an antigen

List the three characteristics of adaptive immunity.

Specificity, memory, and self-tolerance

What is the difference between complete antigens and incomplete antigens (haptens)?

Complete antigens can provoke an immune response, while haptens cannot unless attached to a carrier

List the three crucial types of cells in the adaptive immune system.

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and antigen presenting cells (APCs)

What are the five general steps of lymphocyte development?

Origin, maturation, activation, proliferation, and differentiation

Where do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes originate and mature?

B lymphocytes originate and mature in bone marrow; T lymphocytes originate in bone marrow and mature in the thymus

List the three major types of antigen presenting cells (APCs).

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells