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Using a sectioned real bone or plastic model identify the following parts of a bone. You will not be able to see all the features listed below on the plastic bones
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Epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal line
Diaphysis (often referred to as “shaft”)
Medullary cavity
articular cartilage
Endosteum
Periosteum
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Long Bone
Longer than wide; cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) with two ends (epiphyses). Examples: humerus, radius, femur, tibia
short Bone
Small, cube-shaped; roughly equal length, width, and thickness. Provide stability with limited movement.
Key Examples
Examples: carpals (wrist), tarsals (ankle).
flat bone
Thin, broad, often curved. Protects organs and offers wide muscle-attachment surface.
Structure: two layers of compact bone with spongy bone between, no true marrow cavity.
Examples: skull bones, sternum, ribs, scapula.
irregular Bone
Complex, irregular shape—doesn’t fit long/short/flat. Provide protection, support, and muscle attachment. Examples: vertebrae, sphenoid, ethmoid, some facial bones (e.g., mandible).
sesamoid Bone
Small, round bones that develop inside tendons where they pass over joints.
Function: Reduce friction, modify pressure, and increase mechanical leverage.
Example: Patella (kneecap) is the largest; others can occur in hands and feet.
sutural or Wormian bone
Small, irregular bones that form within the sutures (joints) of the skull.
Function: Fill gaps and add stability between cranial bones.
Examples: tiny bones along the lambdoid suture (between parietal & occipital bones)
Superoribtal foramen
Frontal plate
Occipital condyles
Zygomatic process and zygomatic arch
Squamous portion of temporal bone
Petrous portion *
d. Mastoid process
e. Styloid process
f. External auditory meatus
g. Carotid canal
h. Internal auditory meatus
i. Mandibular fossa
j. Jugular foramen ( as part of articulated skull)
* k. stylomastoid foramen
5. Sphenoid bone
. Ethmoid bone
a. Cribriform plate w/ olfactory foramina
b. Perpendicular plate
c. Crista galli
d. Ethmoidal sinuses (internal structure)
e. Middle nasal conchae
f. Superior nasal conchae
g. Orbital surface (of maxilla) (be able to identify bone from within orbit)
Indraorbital foramen
mandible
Temporal process and zygomatic arch
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
Squamosal suture