BIOL 413: Tree of Life: Lab Practical 2

BIOL 413: Tree of Life: Lab practical 2, University of Kansas

Scypha

Leucosolenia

Ostia

Pores in the sponge in which water enters

Osculum

Where the water is expelled from the sponge

Sponge cross section

Radial Canal

Canal in which water flows after entering via ostia

Incurrent canal

Between radial canals

Spongeocel

Sponge cavity

Spongin Fiber

Sponge

Ctenophore

Comb rows

Help ctenophore move

Colloblast

Sticky cells used by ctenophores to capture prey

Obelia: aboral end, reproductive polyp, feeding polyp, oral end

Ctenophore symmetry

Biradial

Cnidarian symmetry

Radial

Obelia Medusa: umbrellas manbrium, tentacle, radial canal, aboral end, oral end

Manbrium

Mouth

Hydra: mouth, stalk, basal disk, aboral end, oral end

Medusa are ____

Mobile

Polyps are ___

Sessile

Physalia

Physalia live in ____ in the ocean

Surface

Aurelia life cycle

Planula larva → Scyphistoma → Strombolian → Medusa

Corals have cnidae(T/F)

True

Metridum: epidermis, septum, pharynx, gastrular cavity

Groups of Platyhelminthes

Tubellaria, Cestoda, Trematoda,

Tubellaria

Free living flatworm

Planaria: pharyngeal cavity, eyespot, gastrovascular cavity, pharynx, mouth, auricle

Planaria cross section: gut cavity, gastrocavity, epidermis, pharynx, pharyngeal cavity

Cestoda

Tapeworm, parasitic

Taenia pisiformis: Scolex, Sucker, Rostellum

Trematoda

Fluke, parasite

Eurytrema: oral and ventral sucker, cecum

Rotifera, Brachinous: trunk, Cornea, foot, mastax

Cornea

Crown of cillia around mouth for locomotion and feeding

Mastax

Jaws found in pharynx, used to grind food

Brachiopod: Lingula: values, pedicle

Difference between Brachiopod and bi valve shells

Brachiopods are symmetrical down the middle, bi valve mirror by the plane they open

Traits of Brachiopods

Bilaterally symmetrical, lophophore

Bryozoan: mouth, anus, esophagus, intestine

Bryozoans are colonial because

They are made up of numerous small zooecium

Fossil Bryozoa: Zoecium

Bryozoans do not have Cnidae(T/F)

True

Annelid: Pygidium, annuli, prostonium, peristomium, cliteum

Clitellum

Aids in copulation, collects sperm and egg

Earthworm cross section: circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, Coelom, epidermis, intestine

Nereis

Polychete: Neanthes: circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, colem, epidermis, intestine

Leech: anterior and posterior sucker

Which leech sucker is more likely to be attached to substrate?

Posterior sucker

Parapodia are found on

Polychetes

Setae are found on

Annelids other than leeches

Natural history of earth worms and polychetes

Free living

Nudibranch

Polyplacophoras are also known as

Chitons

Chiton: 8 shell plates, girdle

Chitons use ___ to stick to walls and __ to eat

Muscular foot, radula

Bivalve: Umbo, anterior, posterior

Bivalva lack a radula because

They are filter feeding

Scaphopod

Gastropod shell characteristics

Conical spiral wound around a central axis

Gastropods shell anatomy

Radula

Dextral

Right side of shell

Sinistral

Left side shell

Nauntalis: body chamber, siphuncle, septa

Nautilus characteristics

Shell, no ink sac, 38 arms

Squids have __ arms

10

Octopus have __ arms

8

Nematode: epidermis, psudocelom, longitudinal muscle,intestine

Nematodes do not have

Circular muscle

Tardigrade anatomy

Five segmenta, head, 4 legs

Onycophoran novelty

Oral papillae, annulated antennae, one pair of jaws, lopopod walking legs

Arthropod traits

Appendicular joints, specialization of body segments

Merostomata, Horeshoe crab: compound eye, carapace, abdomen, telson, Cephalthorax

Arachnida: pedipalp, chelicerae, 6 appendages, 4 pairs of walking legs

Mandibulata, giant centipede: attenae, poison claws, head

Insect traits

Head, thorax, abdomen

Echiodermata synapomorphy

Endoskeleton, pentraradically symmetrical, and water vascular system

Echinoidea, sea urchin

Enchinoidea, sand dollar

Ophiuroidea, brittle star

Ophiurodiea, basket star

Crinoidea, sea lilies

Crinoidea, feather star

Asteroidea, star fish

Holothuroidea, sea cucumber

Madreporite

Sieve plate at external opening of water vascular system, water travels through

No Madreporite

Crinoidea

Internal Madreporite

Holotheridae

Teeth in sand dollars cannot be

Protracted

Notochord

Flexible Rod structure found in all chordates

Key vertebrate traits

Vertebrae, endoskeleton, neural crest tissue,

Evolutionary relationships of vertebrates

Preservation techniques

Alcohol, taxidermy, skeletal staining, bone bleaching

Natural history

How or where an organism lives