Kirchhoff's Rules

fA German physicist extended the studies of Georg Simon Ohm about current, voltage, and resistance

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

A point where two or more conductors meet in a circuit.

Node or Junction

It connects two junctions

Branch

A closed conducting path

Loop

● Called Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).

● There is no accumulation of charges at any point, that is, the sum of the currents entering any junction is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the junction.

● All the currents entering a junction as positive and those leaving the junction as negative.

First rule: Junction Rule

● Called Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL).

● The net voltage around the loop in any closed loop system is equivalent to the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop

Second rule: Loop Rule

States that the algebraic sum of all the currents that pass through a node is equivalent to zero

Conservation of Charge

states that the algebraic sum of all the voltages within the loop is equivalent to zero

Conservation of Energy

● Type of resistor that has a fixed resistance value which does not change.
● Key components in various electronic circuits and systems, performing a range of critical functions to ensure their stable operation.

Fixed Resistor

limit the amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit.

Resistor

In a series circuit, fixed resistors can be used to distribute voltage among different components

Voltage Regulation

● Limit the amount of current flowing through a circuit. This is essential for protecting sensitive components from excessive currents.

Current Limiting

The amount of resistance the resistor provides to the flow of current, expressed in ohms.

Resistance Values

Measured in watts, indicates the maximum amount of power the resistor can safely dissipate as heat.

Power Ratings

Specifies the variation in resistance that a resistor may have from its nominal value, expressed as a percentage.

Tolerance levels

is a method used to indicate the resistive value, tolerance, and temperature coefficient of resistors with low wattage rating because of their small size.

Color Coding

● Percentage of error between the actual measured resistive value and the stated value.

Tolerance

● Rate of the speed with which the capacitor becomes charged. It is also referred to as the time constant or relaxation time (measured in seconds) of the circuit.

RC