English 9 Final Exam

2024-2025 Spring Semester Exam

Daniel/Khosrou

Narrator of the story, born in Iran, went on a vacation to London, became Christian, had to flee Iran, were refugees in Dubai and then Italy, finally immigrated to Oklahoma.

Scheherazade

Storyteller in Arabian Nights, tells the king a story every night to keep him from killing her. Daniel compares himself to her.

Baba Haji

Daniel's grandfather, Baba Haji, slits the throat of a bull, and it bleeds out over the ground. This is his only memory of his grandfather, and he is 3 years old. Daniel misses him very much.

Masoud

Daniel's father, has a very societal outlook that nothing matters, very happy and tries to please everybody, does whatever he wants, refuses to leave with the rest of the family when they flee Iran, remarries a lady and they go on a vacation to Paris, takes the kids to White Water Rapids.

Dr. Hamond

The pastor of their church in Oklahoma and Johnboy's father, he baptizes Masoud and also says that "if it's not alright, it's not the end."

Ray

Daniel's stepfather, beats Sima and lets Daniel watch rated-R movies and teaches him all of the kicks. He was beaten as a child and tied to a tree for two days, learned how to defend himself and is bitter. Makes Daniel go out on the roof with him to nail down shingles, and he and Sima get divorced three times.

Sima

Daniel's mom, unstoppable, refuses to tell the Committee the names of the other church members, gets beaten by Ray, makes good food, works long hours, and is very supportive. They are poor and life is hard but she is happy because she has hope in the eternal.

Happiness is in the Eternal

If you believe in God, you know that one day you will go to heaven, and so you can have joy in that and not the moment's triumph or despair.

3 types of sin

Brandon Goff, who is actively hurting others, Julie Jenkins, who laughs and helps encourage it, and people who watch and act disgusted but do nothing. People would probably not think of the last one as being evil, even though it still is. There is total depravity-we're all sinners who are completely morally corrupt.

God of mercy/justice

Some people want a god who listens, and they are self-centered, and some people want a god who speaks, and they are cruel. The only true god is a god that both speaks and listens, and so has both mercy and justice.

Social Identity/Cultural

Different cultures perceive things differently, and perceptions can change and shift over time.

Rooted Identity/Biblical

We are all sinners, and we need God's mercy and salvation to save us. We should not treat people differently because we all are broken.

"It'll be alright in the end, folks. If it's not alright, then it's not the end." SPEAKER

Pastor Haemond

"It'll be alright in the end, folks. If it's not alright, then it's not the end." CONTEXT

Preaching to the church

"It'll be alright in the end, folks. If it's not alright, then it's not the end." THEME

Happiness is in the Eternal → Everything sad is literally not true because they are not really sad due to a hope that one day you will have eternal happiness. The sad things in life don't matter because they're not the end, we still have a future in heaven.

"Because it's true." SPEAKER

Sima

"Because it's true." CONTEXT

What she says whenever asked why she gave up an amazing life to come and be poor and beaten all the time; she knows there is salvation for her, and if you really believe that, then you would be joyful in any circumstance because you know you are going to a better place.

"Because it's true." THEME

Hope is in the Eternal → she can be happy even in her terrible circumstances because she has hope that she will go to heaven one day.

"But like you, I was made carefully, by a God who loved what He saw." SPEAKER

Daniel

"But like you, I was made carefully, by a God who loved what He saw." CONTEXT

Explaining how his culture and American culture are really different, and how people view him according to their culture, and saying that everyone deserves grace because we are made in the image of God.

"But like you, I was made carefully, by a God who loved what He saw." THEME

Rooted/Biblical Identity → Everyone is made in God's image, and to say that someone is ugly is to say that God did a bad job. Treat people how you want to be treated because everyone deserves grace.

"At their worst, the people who want a god who listens are self-centered. They just want to live in the land of do-as-you-please. And the ones who want a god who speaks are cruel. They just want laws and justice to crush everything." SPEAKER

Daniel

"At their worst, the people who want a god who listens are self-centered. They just want to live in the land of do-as-you-please. And the ones who want a god who speaks are cruel. They just want laws and justice to crush everything." CONTEXT

Talking to the reader about different kinds of people from different cultures, who want either a god who speaks or a god who listens, and saying that that determines what kind of person they are.

"At their worst, the people who want a god who listens are self-centered. They just want to live in the land of do-as-you-please. And the ones who want a god who speaks are cruel. They just want laws and justice to crush everything." THEME

Social/Cultural Identity → Different kinds of people want different things out of a god, but the only true God is one that both speaks and listens.

"Khosrou, tell them this. They don't understand what stories are for." SPEAKER

Masoud

"Khosrou, tell them this. They don't understand what stories are for." CONTEXT

Talking to Daniel's class and telling stories

"Khosrou, tell them this. They don't understand what stories are for." THEME

Societal/Cultural Identity → He is saying that different cultures have different understandings of things, and that affects how they view things.

Metaphor

Comparing two things without using like or as

Simile

Comparing two things using like or as

Personification

Providing human characteristics to an inanimate object (ex. the trees waved goodbye in the wind)

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally

Allusion

A brief reference, within a work, to something outside the work that the reader or audience is expected to know. Many of Shakespeare's allusions are to mythology or the Bible.

Onomatopoeia

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g. cuckoo, sizzle).

Diction

Word choice (ex. he stared aggressively)

Syntax

Sentence structure

Tone

The author's attitude or feelings towards a subject, character, or audience, conveyed through the author's word choice, syntax, and stylistic choices and influencing the reader's emotional response and interpretation of the text.

Point of View

The perspective from which a story is told

1st Person

The story is narrated by a character using "I" or "we." The reader experiences the story through the eyes and thoughts of this narrator.

2nd Person

The story directly addresses the reader using "you." This perspective is less common in fiction but can be used in instruction manuals or interactive stories.

3rd Person

The story is told by a narrator outside of the story using "he," "she," "it," or "they" to refer to the characters.

3rd Person Limited

The narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character.

3rd Person Omniscient

The narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of multiple characters.

Character

Any detail that reveals what type of person any character is; some characters help define the setting while others conflict with it.

Static Character

A literary character who experiences little to no internal change throughout a story

Dynamic Character

Undergoes a significant internal change in personality, beliefs, or values throughout the story, often as a result of facing challenges or experiencing transformative events

Alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

Color Imagery

A literal representation of what the human eye sees or in a way that manipulates colors to highlight specific features or information

Literal Imagery

Uses words in their standard, most basic meanings to describe something as it is, without any figurative language or hidden symbolism. It provides a straightforward, factual description.

Allegory

Art (novel, play, poem, picture) that contains a hidden meaning/angle revealed through symbolism (extended metaphor). Can be moral, spiritual, political, or social

Satire

Sarcasm, irony, or wit used to ridicule or mock society's faults (contemporary politics/topical issues).

Verbal Irony

Sarcasm, saying the opposite of what you really mean

Dramatic Irony

The audience is aware of something that the characters aren't.

Situational Irony

The opposite of your expectations

Subject

Simple, literal topic

Occasion

What event sparked the story

Audience

To whom is the author writing the story, you can have multiple audiences

Purpose

Message of the story

Speaker

Author (beliefs, biases, etc.)

Tone (SOAPSTONE)

Mood, you can have multiple tones

Logos

logic

Pathos

emotion

Ethos

ethics

Parallelism

A side-by-side comparison, can make things look better, worse, or the same

Anecdote

A story/narrative, plays on your emotions to make you sympathetic

Hypothetical

What if…

Aphorism

A common belief, getting people on your side by saying something everyone agrees with.

Colloquialism

Everyday conversational speech, relating to audience

Anaphora

Repetition

Syllogism

If a is true and b is true, then c must be true → 2 aphorisms and a hypothetical, aren't always true

Epiphany

A realized conclusion, goal is for audience to have an epiphany

"No evil is worse than disobedience." SPEAKER

Creon

"No evil is worse than disobedience." CONTEXT

Arguing with Haemon after Antigone buried Polyneices

"No evil is worse than disobedience." THEME

Creon values Societal law over Moral law, saying that disobedience can lead to anarchy

"We must act on what lies before us. The future is the gods' concern." SPEAKER

Chorus

"We must act on what lies before us. The future is the gods' concern." CONTEXT

Advising Creon after Antigone, Haemon, and Eurydice have killed themselves.

"We must act on what lies before us. The future is the gods' concern." THEME

Natural morality, saying that humans need to follow the gods' laws no matter what, because they are always right, and not lean on their own judgement.

"I shall be the bride of death." SPEAKER

Antigone

"I shall be the bride of death." CONTEXT

Antigone is being led to the cave where she will die

"I shall be the bride of death." THEME

Destiny, it was meant for her to die young because of her family's sins.

"Therefore I ask forgiveness from those below, as I am forced to in these matters, and yield to those who walk with authority." SPEAKER

Ismene

"Therefore I ask forgiveness from those below, as I am forced to in these matters, and yield to those who walk with authority." CONTEXT

She refuses to help Antigone bury Polyneices

"Therefore I ask forgiveness from those below, as I am forced to in these matters, and yield to those who walk with authority." THEME

Societal law, arguing Creon's decree over their religion or morality

"Swift-footed Divine Vengeance cuts down bad ideas." SPEAKER

Chorus

"Swift-footed Divine Vengeance cuts down bad ideas." CONTEXT

Talking to Creon, and advising him to heed Teiresias' advice, release Antigone, and bury Polynices.

"Swift-footed Divine Vengeance cuts down bad ideas." THEME

Destiny, saying that Creon's decree was meant to be defied and gotten rid of because it was contradictory to the gods' laws

Antigone

The main character, she believes that it is her duty and right to bury Polynices, her brother, but Creon had decreed that he was to be left unburied, and so she breaks the law and is punished, complains that her fate was a result of Oedipus', her father's, sins.

Ismene

Antigone's sister, Antigone asks her to bury Polynices with her, but she refuses, and later offers to share in Antigone's punishment.

Polynices

Antigone and Ismene's brother, fights with their other brother, Eteocles, leaves Thebes and marries the Argive princess to take the Argive army to fight Thebes, he and Eteocles kill each other, Creon decrees he may not have a proper burial but Antigone buries him anyways.

Creon

Antigone and Ismene's uncle, father of Haemon and another son that died in the war, husband of Eurydice, king of Thebes, likes to have control and believes in civil disobedience, decrees that Polynices must not be buried but buries Eteocles, later realizes he is wrong after being confronted by the Chorus, but it is too late, and he is punished.

Haemon

Creon's son, betrothed to Antigone, takes her side in the argument.

Eurydice

Creon's wife and Haemon's mom

Chorus

Portrayed as the old men of Thebes, they pass judgement and often take both Antigone and Creon's side.

Greek burial rites/beliefs

The Greeks believed that you had to give someone a proper burial for their soul to pass on into the afterlife/underworld, so to refuse someone a burial was a very serious thing because it was decreed by the gods. Also, it was pretty much the womens' only major role in society, to bury the body and perform the funeral rites, so they took it very seriously.

Civil disobedience

The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Creon's reasoning

Creon believes that Polynices should not be buried because he killed Creon's older son and therefore he is a murderer. He also thinks that because he fought against Thebes, he was a traitor, and so he does not deserve a hero's burial like Eteocles, who died defending his city. Creon values civil law and justice systems over religion or morality.

Antigone's reasoning

Antigone believes that Polynices should be buried because, according to their religion, the gods decreed that if someone was not buried properly, then their soul could not pass on to the underworld. She argues that no one deserves that fate, one of endless wandering with no rest. Also, it was the womens' job to carry out the funeral rites and bury the body, and since they had no other real purpose in society, Antigone considers it a personal insult to her that Creon would deny her the opportunity to perform her duty.

Antigone's death

Creon sends her to starve in a cave, but when he goes to let her out after he realizes he was wrong, he finds out that she hanged herself.

Creon's punishment

Creon loses the respect of the people as well as his son, Haemon, and his wife, Eurydice, because they both commit suicide due to his actions. He has to live with the consequences of his law.

Haemon's death

Haemon goes to Antigone, but when he finds her dead because she hanged herself, he kills himself too because he is distraught over his betrothed's demise.

Eurydice's death

Stabs herself when she finds out that Antigone and Haemon are dead.