Lord Protector Somerset 1547 - 1549 - Foreign Policy

What were Somerset's aims in foreign policy?

- Marriage between Edward IV and Mary

- Complete war with Scotland

- Avoid war with France

- Prevent a revival of the Auld Alliance

Where had the marriage alliance between Mary and Edward been arranged previously?

- Treaty of Greenwich

- Also mentioned in Henry's will

What happened in June to September 1547 in Scotland?

- June 1547 Henry II sent a fleet of 4000 soldiers to Scotland

- In retaliation, in September 1547, Somerset launched a naval attack and a invasion of Scotland

Which Battle saw a decisive victory for the English?

- The Battle of Pinkie

- 10th September 1547

What did Somerset do in Edinburgh after this battle and what caused him to go back to London?

- Entered Edinburgh and captured main border strongholds

- However, Somerset faced domestic concerns leading him to return to London

What did Somerset leave in control in his absence?

- Garrisons

Define Garrisons/Garrisoning

- leaving smaller groups of troops to defend/ be stationed at a particular area

How many garrisons were set up between 1547 and 1549?

- 25 set up and a further 14 planned

What were the positives of garrisons?

- Longer term solution

- Better solution to Scottish hit-and-run guerrilla warfare

- Meant that England could counter Scottish attacks easier

- Helped secure marriage

What were the negatives of garrisons?

- Expensive

- Only some were substantial forces/bases

- Most garrisons only had a few hundred troops, so they could not hold back a full Scottish force or a French attack.

How much was spent on garrison wages?

£351,521

When did French troops arrive in Scotland, and when?

- 10,000

- June 1548

What effect did the French invasion have on the garrisons?

The invasion made the garrisons unworkable

Which treaty was signed between Scotland and France? What did this involve?

- Treaty of Haddington

- This married Mary Queen of Scots to Henry II's son

- This also put the Scots under control of the French King

Why the Treaty of Haddington make English lose interest in Scotland?

- The marriage alliance was the main reason for their presence in Scotland

What did the French do in Scotland after the Treaty of Haddington?

- The French started the besiege Haddington

- This led Somerset to realise he was likely to lose Bolougne

Why did Somerset lose troops at Haddington?

- rebellions broke out in 1549, leading Somerset to remove troops

- English troops were brought back at the end of 1549

What happened at Haddington?

- It was abandoned

- However the French had already withdraw do the cost and wanting to recover Boulogne