mendel and gene idea

mendel’s goal

“particulate” hypothesis

“particulate” hypothesis

idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes)

mating of plants can be

controlled

mendel used varieties that were

true-breeding

purple flower color

dominant trait

white flower color

recessive trait

allele

alternative version of gene

organism inherits 2 alleles…

1 from each parent

dominant allele.

determines organism’s appearance

recessive allele.

no noticeable affect on appearance

phenotypical ratio

9:3:3:1

inheritance patterns

more complex than predicted by mendelian genetics

complete dominance

phenotypes of heterozygous and dominant zygote are identical

incomplete dominance

phenotype somewhere between the phenotypes of 2 parental variables

codominance

2 dominant alleles affect phenotype in separate distinguishable ways

pleiotropy

one gene results in more than one phenotypic character

epistasis

a gene at 1 locus alters phenotypic expression of gene snd 2nd locus

mendel experimented on

pea plants

law of independent assortment

allows us to see dihybrid cross

monohybrid

cross of one character

dihybrid

cross of two characters

f1 generation

all dominant

key to getting 3:1 ratio

2 heterozygous

organism homozygous recessive

lowercase pp

cross homozygous recessive with heterozygous, chance offspring heterozygous recessive?

50%

heterozygous

Pp

multiple alleles

blood types

polygenic inheritance

skin color

environmental influencess

changes phenotype from environment

multifactoral disease

gene’s environment

allele

alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

character

a heritable feature

trait

variant of a character

genotype

genetic makeup of a set of alleles

phenotype

an organisms physical traits

homozygous

an organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character

heterozygous

an organism that has two different alleles for a gene

test-cross