HI 102 PCC Test 1 Goodson

results of Thirty Years War

religious skepticism and rise of France as a world power in Europe

empire that declined after Thirty Years War

Holy Roman Empire

Peace of Westphalia

ended Thirty Years War

Louis XIV

"The Sun King"...five when his father died...king after many forgettable kings

king that was the epitome of an absolute ruler

Louis XIV

reigned for over 70 years in France

Louis XIV

absolutist

goal is sovereignty; supreme and independent power

Cardinal Mazarin

chief minister of France before Louis XIV could rule

three challenges that medieval kings faced

church, nobility, representative bodies

Louis XIV government policy

Bureaucracy form

Palace of Versailles

large palace Louis had built...one of greatest works of architecture in modern age

Age of Absolutism

monarchs aspired to have absolute (unlimited) power during this time

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Louis XIV's minister of finance

Samuel de Champlain

known as the "Father of New France" (Quebec)

Quebec

first permanent French colony in America

Edict of Nantes

toleration for Huguenots in some French towns...Louis XIV later revolts

Henry IV

1st Protestant leader of France...established Bubonic line of kings

-says "Paris is worth a mass"

Balance of Power

when one nation rises but others to try to catch up against it

Sir Isaac Newton

proposes rational view of the universe

Montesquieu

The Spirit of Laws, democracy works best in small society, separation of powers

separation of powers

either generally dispersed or single power based on one person decisions...leg, exec, jud

Voltaire

child prodigy, rationalism (reason, observation)...Critic of Christianity ("Revealed" Religion)...Deism-Natural Religion

Rousseau

most important figure of Enlightenment...says that science has weakened us; wants humanity to be more simple minded

Rousseau's four key ideas

study four key ideas in notes

Locke's view of govt

individuals create govt to protect individual rights (life, liberty, property)

Rousseau's view of what happens when people create govt

when ppl create a govt, they are now a group

"Old Regime"

inequality...consisted of first (clergy), second (nobility), and third (everyone else, 98%) estates

Louis XV

weak ruler...recognized that Old Regime was in trouble when he was on his death bed

Estates General

French king's advisory body

Reform proposals in France

doubling the third estate and vote by head

Tennis Court Oath

National Assembly pledged not to adjourn until had adopted a constitution for France

Bastille

this old castle in Paris was stormed by Parisian mob

August 4th Decrees

abolished feudalism

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

proclaimed to the world "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

adopted by National Assembly, now known as the Constituent Assembly...tried to justify confiscation of church property and establishment of the Church of France

Oath of Allegiance

French priests required to swear oaths of allegiance to the French nation

Flight to Varennes

Louis and his family attempted to flee Paris, caught, Louis' name changes to "King of the French"

Legislative Assembly

National Assembly divided itself in 1791...those who had served in National Assembly were ineligible to serve in the Legislative Assembly...had right, moderate, and left

Jacobin Clubs

radical political faction...opposed the monarchy

Sans Culottes

"without breeches", long pants (working class)

culottes

knee breeches (aristocratic), urban working class became radicalizing force in the French Revolution

Brunswick Manifesto

Louis will be restored to power,

if not, Paris will be destroyed

September Massacres

mass execution of Parisian political prisoners

Louis was executed via

guillotine

Maximilien Robespierre

"The Incorruptible"

-headed Reign of Terror

-Committee of Public Safety

-sought to create a "Republic of Virtue"

-The End Justifies the Means

-believed that period of extreme terror was needed

metric system

revolutionist's new system of measuring (old system reminded them of the kings and aristocrats who had established it)

Consulate

new republic proclaimed by Napoleon...headed by three consuls w/Napoleon as First Consul

Code Napolean

Napoleon's new law codes that he established

Concordant

formal agreement Napoleon signed w/the pope

Battle of Trafalgar

one of the greatest sea battles in history...British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet

Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson

led British at Trafalgar...the greatest naval hero the world has ever known

Austerlitz

Napoleon's greatest victory

Continental System

-forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French contro

goal of Continental System

ruin England economically

Invasion of Russia

-Czar Alexander I exits Continental System

-Napolean invades (600,000)

Liepzig

combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army

"Battle of Nations"

Battle of Leipzig

Elba

Napoleon's first abdiction

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon meets his final defeat here

St Helena

Napoleon's second abdiction

James I

-England and Scotland united under him

-rude and crude but brilliant

king that felt threatened by Puritans

James I

Liberty

freedom from arbitrary rule

Sovereignty

one who has the last say; highest appeal is invested in

Religious Uniformity in England

everyone in England must belong to the Church of England

John Smith

says if you don't work you can't eat

Charles I

introduces more absolutism after his father, James I

William Laud

-appointed by Charles I as archbishop

-tried to make Anglican church more like Roman church

Eleven Year's Tyranny

Charles I ruled in an absolute, irrepressible monarchy

Long Parliament

Parliament sat in session for 13 years

English Civil War

Parliament vs king

Roundheads

for Parliament...bowl haircuts

Cavaliers

for king...hair in long ringlets

Oliver Cromwell

-Roundhead's greatest general

-raised New Model Army

Battle of Naseby

Roundheads, led by Cromwell, defeat Cavaliers

Rump Parliament

declared Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded

Interregnum

"between kings"

Protectorate

new government set forth by Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell's position in Protectorate

-became "Lord Protector" of Protectorate

-strict puritanical rule

John Milton

wrote England's greatest epic, Paradise Lost

John Bunyan

wrote England's greatest allegory, Pilgrim's Progress

Charles II

signed Treaty of Dover

Treaty of Dover

Charles agreed to obtain toleration for English Catholics and join the Roman church himself

Glorious Revolution

bloodless transfer of government

English Bill of Rights

-English parliamentary sovereignty

-established English traditional political liberties

Anne

last Stuart Monarch of England because none of her children lived past childhood

Phillip Spenner

started assemblies of piety

August Francke

known for leadership in German education

Nicholas von Zinzendorf

his estate became site for Moravian settlement and missionary activities

Jonathon Edwards

best remembered for "Sinner's in the Hands of an Angry God"

George Whitfield

great speaker w/loud, emotional preaching

John Wesley

-influenced by Moravians

-started Methodism, w/his brother George

William Wilberforce

fought against slavery

Robert Raikes

"Father of the Sunday School Movement"

John Howard

helped reform state prisons

William Carey

-India

-Father of Modern Missions

Adoniram Judson

-Burma

-Father of American Missions

George I

began Hanoverian line of kings

Sir Robert Walpole

first prime minister of England

George III

England began to dominate North America under him