apwh unit 3

gunpowder empire common characteristics

1) land based

2) expanding geographically bc of gunpowder

ottoman empire

Islamic gunpowder empire

how did ottoman empire grow

1) control of the dardanelles (body of water, used for military reasons)

2) gunpowder weapons!

safavid empire

gunpowder empire growing under ismail

safavid empire type of Muslim

shia (Mughal + ottoman were nottt fw it)

who did Mughal empire replace under rule of Babur

delhi sultanate

babur grandson, helped expand Mughal empire

akbar

religious tolerant Mughal leader

akbar! made them rich too

ming dynasty ethnicity

han

qing dynasty

gunpowder empire established by Manchu (NOT ETHNICALLY HAN!!!)

safavid-mughal conflict

safavid shia VS Mughal sunni, both thought were rightful owners of previous Muslim territories

songhai-morrocan conflict

morrocan wanted songhai’s trade saharan route (took using GUNPOWDER!!!)

how did empires legitimize and consolidate their power

1) large imperial bureaucracies

2) military expansion (elite military professionals)

3) religion, art, architecture

ottoman empire devshirme system

bureaucracy staffed with highly trained, typically enslaved people

who did ottomans enslave

christian boys

janissaries

elite soldiers (enslaved christians)

how did European monarchs claim to rule

by divine right

how did qing use art to legitimize power

emperor kanghxi made imperial portraits of him displaying Confucian values, convincing ppl he is alpha

how did Louis the fourteenth legitimize power

palace of versailles

inca sun temple served as

legitimizing power

zamindar system

mughal taxation system making zamindars collect taxes

tax farming

ottoman taxation system giving highest bidder opportunity to collect taxes from whoever

branches of christianity

eastern orthodox & Roman catholic

indulgences

sold by Catholic church to “forgive sins”

simony

putting high church positions up for sale

martin luther

catholic Monk calling church out on their nonsense, made 95 Theses

protestant reformation

split in church caused by martin luther

how did Martin luther’s ideas spread

printing press

counter reformation

catholic church setting up council of Trent, getting rid of injustices

council of trent

finalized protestant-catholic split

why did shia/sunni split intensify

political tensions between ottoman and safavid

sikhism

islam + Hindu blend (scrapped caste system + gender hierarchies)