Chapter 21- An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Petroleum

Petroleum

Mixture of hydrocarbons that are separated by fractional distillation due to the difference in boiling points.

Kerosine

________ (paraffin): fuel for aircraft engines.

Homologous series

Family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties.

Compounds

________ that contain carbon and hydrogen only are called hydrocarbons.

The general characteristics of the homologous series are

same functional group, similar chemical properties, and gradual change in physical properties

Names of organic compounds are divided into two parts

a prefix that tells the total number of carbon atoms in the compound, and the suffix that names the homologous series of the compound

Suffixes

-ane (alkane), -ene (alkene), -ol (alcohol), -oic acid (carboxylic acid)

Factions from first to last

refinery gas, gasoline, naptha, kerosine, lubricating oil, bitumen

Petroleum gas

heating and cooking

Gasoline

Fuel for car engines.

Naptha

Feedstock for chemical industry.

Kerosine (paraffin)

Fuel for aircraft engines.

Diesel oil

Fuel for diesel engines.

Lubricating oil

lubricating machines

Bitumen

paving road surfaces

Hydrocarbons

Compounds containing hydrogen and oxygen only.

Functional group

Atom or a group of atoms that give the molecule its characteristic properties.

Bitumen

A fraction of petroleum used to pave road surfaces.