Chapter 21- An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

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18 Terms

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Petroleum
Mixture of hydrocarbons that are separated by fractional distillation due to the difference in boiling points.
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Kerosine
________ (paraffin): fuel for aircraft engines.
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Homologous series
Family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties.
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Compounds
________ that contain carbon and hydrogen only are called hydrocarbons.
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The general characteristics of the homologous series are
same functional group, similar chemical properties, and gradual change in physical properties
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Names of organic compounds are divided into two parts
a prefix that tells the total number of carbon atoms in the compound, and the suffix that names the homologous series of the compound
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Suffixes
-ane (alkane), -ene (alkene), -ol (alcohol), -oic acid (carboxylic acid)
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Factions from first to last
refinery gas, gasoline, naptha, kerosine, lubricating oil, bitumen
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Petroleum gas
heating and cooking
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Gasoline
Fuel for car engines.
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Naptha
Feedstock for chemical industry.
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Kerosine (paraffin)
Fuel for aircraft engines.
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Diesel oil
Fuel for diesel engines.
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Lubricating oil
lubricating machines
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Bitumen
paving road surfaces
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Hydrocarbons
Compounds containing hydrogen and oxygen only.
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Functional group
Atom or a group of atoms that give the molecule its characteristic properties.
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Bitumen
A fraction of petroleum used to pave road surfaces.