Eyeball Anatomy
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18 Terms
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Eyeball
A bilateral and spherical organ that houses the structures responsible for vision.
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Fibrous layer
The outermost layer of the eyeball, consisting of the sclera and cornea, providing shape and support to the eye.
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Sclera
The white part of the eye, comprising about 85% of the fibrous layer, providing attachment to extraocular muscles.
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Cornea
The transparent front part of the eye that refracts light and is continuous with the sclera.
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Vascular layer
The layer of the eye that lies under the fibrous layer, consisting of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris.
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Choroid
A layer of connective tissue and blood vessels that nourishes the outer layers of the retina.
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Ciliary body
Composed of the ciliary muscle and processes, encircles the eyeball, and controls the shape of the lens.
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Accommodation
The process by which the lens changes shape for near vision, facilitated by the contraction of the ciliary muscle.
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Iris
The circular structure that gives color to the eye and controls the size of the pupil.
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Pupil
The aperture in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
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Neural layer
The layer of the retina that contains photoreceptors, responsible for detecting light.
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Pigmented layer
The layer of the retina that supports the neural layer and is attached to the choroid.
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Macula lutea
A yellowish area of the retina with a high concentration of cones for sharp vision.
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Fovea centralis
A depression in the macula lutea with a high concentration of cones, responsible for high acuity color vision.
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Blind spot
The optic disc, where the optic nerve enters the retina and contains no light-detecting cells.
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Aqueous humor
A clear plasma-like fluid that nourishes and protects the eye, filling the anterior and posterior chambers.
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Glaucoma
A condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure due to obstructed drainage of aqueous humor.
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Vitreous humor
A transparent gel-like substance filling the vitreous chamber of the eyeball, extending from behind the lens to the retina.
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