Chapter 8 CNA Test

Sources include seafood, dried beans, poultry, and vegetarian meat substitutes

proteins

A person can only live a few days without this

water

These help the body store energy

fats

These add flavor to food and help to absorb certain vitamins

fats

They are essential for tissue growth and repair

proteins

these may come from plant sources such as olives and nuts

fats

They body cannot make most of these nutrients; they must be obtained by eating certain foods

vitamins

These provide fiber, which is necessary for bowel elimination

carbohydrates

Examples include bread, cereal, and potatoes

carbohydrates

This is the most essential nutrient for life

water

Categories include monounsaturated and saturated

fats

This helps to maintain body temperature through perspiration

water

these can be fat-soluble or water-soluble

vitamins

These build bones and help in blood formation.

minerals

Iron and calcium are examples

minerals

5 parts if the MyPlate icon

bottom left- vegetables

top left- fruits

top right- grains

bottom right- protein

circle- dairy

MyPlate's guidelines state that half of a person's plate should be made up of

vegetables and fruits

Out of the following choices,which color of vegetables has the best nutritional content?

dark green

Most of a person's fruit choices should be

cut up fruit

What kinds of grains are best to consume?

whole grains

Which of the following is considered a plant-based protein

beans

oatmeal and pasta are examples of foods made from which food group?

grains

Most dairy group choices should be

1% fat

Which of the following foods is considered high in sodium

pickle

What rights do residents have with regard to food choices

residents have the legal right to make choices about their food. They can choose what kind of food they want to eat. They can refuse the food and drink being offered. NA's must honor their decisions

carb counting may be part of this diet as the amount of carbohydrates eaten must be carefully regulated

diabetic diet

To prevent further heart or kidney damage, doctors may restrict fluid intake on this diet

fluid-restricted diet

This diet consists of foods that are in a liquid state at body temperature and is usually ordered as clear or full

liquid diet

People who have heart disease or have had heart attacks may be placed on this diet, which at a minimum limits the intake of saturated fat

lowfat diet

People who have kidney disease may be on this diet, which encourages foods like breads and pasta

low-protein diet

salt is restricted in this diet

low sodium diet

This diet is used for losing weight or preventing weight gain

modified calorie diet

all meats and poultry are eliminated in this diet, but fish and other seafood are allowed

pescatarian diet

The food used in this diet has been ground into a thick paste of baby-foos consistency

pureed diet

This diet consists of soft or chopped foods that are easy to chew. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow, such as raw vegetables, are restricted.

soft diet and mechanical soft diet

Health reasons, a dislike of meat, a compassion for animals, or a belief in non-violence may lead a person to this diet:

vegetarian diet

This is a completely plant-based diet that eliminates all animals, eggs, dairy products, and foods derived from animals

vegan diet

fluid overload occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed

true

If a resident has an NPO order, he can drink water but no other type of fluid

false

The sense of thirst lessens as a person ages

true

People can become dehydrated by vomiting too much

true

A symptom of fluid overload is edema of the extremities

true

In order to prevent dehydration, the NA should offer fresh fluids to residents often

true

One symptom of dehydration is dark urine

true

A resident who has swallowing problems should suck on ice chips regularly

false

The NA should make sure that the water pitcher and cup are light enough for the resident to lift

true

diuretic

increases urine output(makes you pee)

encourage residents to

eat

Give ___ before and after meals if the resident requests it

oral care

Honor residents' ____ likes and dislikes

food

Offer different kinds of foods and _________

beverages

Allow ____ for residents to finish eating

time

Tell the nurse if resident has trouble using ________

utensils

Position residents sitting ____ for eating

upright

If a resident has had a loss of _____ ask about it

appetite and/or seems sad

Document meal/snack

intake

should be washed before residents eat

hands

proper position for eating that helps prevent swallowing problems

upright

Has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom

socializing

Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids, and these should be encouraged

dentures

devices that can help residents with eating

assistive

proper noise level when residents are eating

low

Mr. Leisering comes to dinner in his pajamas. His hair has not been brushed. He is wearing slippers instead of shoes

assist Mr. Leisering to change his clothes and shoes. Brush and style his hair and help brush his teeth if wanted

Ms. Lopez does not speak very much English. She has not met any of the other Spanish-speaking residents. She comes to meals wrapped in a large sweater and jumps every time she hears trays clattering or when someone raises his voice

check the enviroment and make sure the temperature and noise level; is good and there is no trays clattering. And sit her next to people with the same interests and encourage conversation

Mr. Kenensia has dentures, but he says that they cause him pain, so he often does not wear them while eating. It takes him a long time to finish his meals. He has to concentrate so hard on shewing his food that he does seem interested in talking with anyone around him

notify the nurse that his dentures cause him pain and he struggles to chew. Still encourage him to have conversations with others

It is important for the NA to identify each resident before serving a meal tray

true

The NA should remain standing while feeding a resident

false

The resident's mouth should be empty before the NA offers another bite of food

true

The NA should refer to pureed carrots as "orange stuff" so the resident knows which food the NA is talking about

false

To promote a healthy appetite, the NA should remain silent while helping a resident eat

false

If food is too hot, the NA should blow on it for a few minutes until it is cool enough for the resident to eat

false

Residents should be sitting upright at a 90-degree angle for eating

true

If a resident wants to eat his dessert first, the NA should explain that it is unhealthy and suggest that he begin with his entree

false

Alternating cold and hot foods or bland foods and sweets can help increase appetite

true

The NA should insist that residents use clothing protectors when eating to help keep clothing clean

false

Mrs. Rains asks Carol to join her in a quick prayer before she eats. Carol declines, explaining that she does not believe in God and thinks that prayer is pointless

Carol should have allowed time for prayer and respected her wishes. She should also not explain her beliefs or what she thinks

Sunisa had a fight with her husband this morning and is in a very bad mood. Mrs. Foster tries to make conversation as Sunisa is handing out meal trays. "I don't have time to talk right now," Sunisa snaps at her. "Can't you see how much I have to do?"

Sunisa should have been respectful and carried on the conversation even if it was a short conversation. And not rush her

Mr. Parks, a resident with arthritis, can usually feed himself, but today his hands are hurting him so much that he cannot hold the utensils or even his napkin. Sunisa helps him eat while joking loudly with the other residents that he must be feeling like royalty having someone wait on him hand and foot.

Sunisa should give Mr. Parks her full attention and be social and friendly while using appropriate topics

Mr. Correll is recovering from pneumonia. Jamal serves his meal and then watches for a few moments to see if he needs any help. When he determines that Mr. Correll can feed himself, he goes on to help another resident. After he leaves, Mr. Correll starts to feel weak and has trouble lifting the utensils to his mouth. He waits for 15 minutes for someone to come back to help him finish his meal.

Jamal should have went back and checked on Mr. Correll, then he would have noticed he needed help and could have helped him sooner

While handing out meal trays, Jamal notices that Mr. Gray's diet card indicates a low-sodium diet but his meal tray contains a meal for residents with no restrictions. He assumes the resident's diet must have changed and gives him the tray

Jamal should have asked a nurse about Mr. Gray's diet before giving him the tray to prevent any harm to Mr. Gray

What should the ANA do if a resident shows signs of dysphagia

Recognize and report it to the nurse

Briefly describe three common types of thickening consistencies

nectar thick- thicker than water, thickness of a thick juice(tomato) and drank from a cup

honey thick- thickness of honey and pours slowly, ate with a spoon

pudding thick- semi-solid, ate with a spoon, a spoon should stand up straight when put in the middle

Why did the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative( IDDSI) develop a framework to identify food textures and drink thicknesses

to make descriptions standard, so that they can be used internationally, across all care settings

Use ________ devices such as utensils with built-up handle grips, plate guards, and drinking cups when necessary

assistive

For a resident with a vision impairment, use the face of an imaginary _____ to explain the position of what is in front of her

clock

For a resident who has had a stroke, place food in the unaffected, or ________ side of the mouth.

stronger

A resident with Parkinson's Disease may need help if _______ or shaking make it difficult for him to eat.

tremors

The hand-over-hand approach is an example of a physical ___ that can help promote independence

cue

Verbal cues must be short and _______ and prompt the resident to do something.

clear

If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than in a ____

wheelchair

Put the residents in the proper position in the chair, which means hips are at

90 degree angle, knees are flexed, and feet and arms are fully supported

if the resident bites down on utensils ask him to ______ his mouth

open

if the resident pockets food in his cheeks ask him to chew and ______ the food

swallow