NCLEX MS

Which of the following are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

1. Visual disturbances

2. Memory loss

3. Hearing loss

4. Weakness or paralysis

5. Difficulty walking

Answer: 4

Rationale: Weakness or paralysis is a common symptom of MS due to the demyelination of nerve fibers.

Which of the following nursing interventions should be implemented for a patient with MS? (Select all that apply)

1. Encourage fluid intake to prevent dehydration

2. Monitor for respiratory infections

3. Assist with mobility and prevent falls

4. Limit rest periods

5. Promote regular bowel and bladder function

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5

Rationale: Nursing interventions should address mobility issues, prevent falls, and manage symptoms that can affect the respiratory, bowel, and bladder functions in MS patients.

What is a typical diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis?

1. MRI

2. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

3. Lumbar puncture

4. Blood cultures

Answer: 1

Rationale: MRI is typically used to visualize demyelinating lesions in MS.

What is a common complication associated with multiple sclerosis?

1. Hypertension

2. Sepsis

3. Respiratory infections

4. Deep vein thrombosis

Answer: 3

Rationale: Respiratory infections are common due to respiratory muscle weakness and immobility in MS patients.

Which of the following is an appropriate medication for managing symptoms of MS?

1. Prednisone

2. Baclofen

3. Glatiramer acetate

4. Diazepam

Answer: 2

Rationale: Baclofen is a muscle relaxant commonly prescribed to manage spasticity in MS.

A patient with MS complains of difficulty swallowing. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?

1. Provide a soft food diet

2. Encourage the patient to sit upright during meals

3. Provide liquid thickener

4. Offer small, frequent meals

Answer: 4

Rationale: Small, frequent meals help reduce fatigue and prevent aspiration in MS patients with swallowing difficulties.

The nurse is teaching a patient with MS about managing fatigue. Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan?

1. Resting for long periods during the day

2. Limiting exercise to prevent exhaustion

3. Using assistive devices for mobility

4. Taking naps

Answer: 4

Rationale: Regular naps can help manage fatigue in MS patients and prevent overexertion.

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing urinary retention. Which intervention is appropriate?

1. Provide bladder training

2. Insert a Foley catheter

3. Increase fluid intake

4. Administer an anticholinergic agent

Answer: 2

Rationale: Bladder training and catheterization are commonly used for managing urinary retention in MS patients.

Which of the following are signs that multiple sclerosis is progressing?

1. Increased muscle weakness

2. Difficulty with coordination

3. Improved cognitive function

4. Exacerbation of visual disturbances

Answer: 2

Rationale: MS progression typically leads to increasing motor and coordination difficulties.

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis?

1. Tremors

2. Sensory disturbances

3. Slurred speech

4. Hair loss

Answer: 4

Rationale: Hair loss is not a typical clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis.

When educating a patient about the course of multiple sclerosis, the nurse should include information that:

1. MS always leads to paralysis

2. MS may have periods of relapse and remission

3. MS improves with age

4. MS is only seen in older adults

Answer: 2

Rationale: MS is characterized by periods of relapse and remission.