1.2/1.3 - carbon compounds

organic

contains carbon

four classes of carbon compounds

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

macomolecules

huge molecules

carbon electrons 

4 electrons, can hold 8

covalent bond

sharing of electrons

carbon skeletons add variation in

structure and function

hydrocarbons

organic molecules of just carbon and hydrogen

isomer

compounds with same number of same atoms, but different shape 

structural isomer

differ in covalent arrangement of atoms, different locations of double bonds

cis-trans isomers

carbons covalently bonded to same atoms but atoms differ in space due to inflexibility of double bonds

cis isomer

two atoms molecules on same side

trans

two atoms on opposite sides, diagonal 

double bonds don’t permit

rotation around axis

enantomers

mirror images

polymer

long molecule made of many similar monomers that are linked by covalent bonds

monomer

building blocks

synthesis/breakdown of polymer facilitated by 

enzymes

dehydration synthesis

two molecule covalently bonded to each other with loss of water, one monomer contributes H+, the other contributes OH-

hydrolysis

breakdown using water, ex. digestion