ENGLISH 1 PAR, EXA

Types of composition

Types of composition

• Articles

• Reports

• Letters

Articles

• Descriptive compositions

• Narrative descriptions

• Discursive essays

Reports

• New reports

• Assessment reports

• Reviews

Letters

• Friendly

• Formal

• Postcards

• Instructions

• Leaflets

• Públic notices

• Advertisements and annoucements

• Memos

• Notas

Composition instructions

• Composition instructions - also called the 'rubric' often describe an imaginary situation which you will write abou

• The instructions also suggest the imaginary reader of what you write. This may be a specific person or a general type of person. A composition should be written in a style which suits the particular reader.

• You will often be told to include a number of specific topics in your answer

PLANNING YOUR COMPOSITION

• List the specific topics mentioned in the composition instructions.

• "Brainstorm" for ideas

• write down any ideas, words/phrases, etc.

• Choose which of these you will use, and group them into main topics.

• Choose suitable topics for the introduction and the conclusion

COMPOSITION LAYOUT

Most compositions (e.g. articles, letters, narrative stories, etc)* have three basic parts an introduction, a main body and a conclusion.

COMPOSITION LAYOUT INTRODUCTION

is a short paragraph in which we give the reader a general idea of the subject of the composition, and attract their attention so that they want to continue reading

COMPOSITION LAYOUT MAIN BODY

This part usually consists of two or more paragraphs, depending on the subject.

Each paragraph should deal with points related to the same topic. We start a new paragraph each time we begin to discuss a new topic.

COMPOSITION LAYOUT CONCLUSION

is a short final paragraph in which we summarise the main idea of the subject, restate our opinion using different words, discuss the results of the main event, etc.

• Instructions, notices, messages, etc do not always follow this paragraph layout.

TOPIC SENTENCESNCES

• In some types of composition discursive essays

• This is followed by supporting sentences which give examples, details, etc to develop and support the topic sentence.

WRITING TECHNIQUES

which we can use to make the beginning and ending of a composition more interesting to the reader.

WRITING STYLE

We do not use the same sort of writing style for every composition. There is a variety of styles we can use (e.g. formal or informal, personal or impersonal, descriptive or factual), and we must choose the most appropriate style for each writing task.

WRITING STYLE FRIENDS

informal, personal and descriptive

WRITING STYLE MANAGER

formal, factual and polite.

WRITING STYLE TYPES

• Impersonal

• Factual

• Informal

• Personal

• Descriptive

WRITING IMPERSONAL

- Frequent use of the passive

- Little or no description of emotions

WRITING FACTUAL

neutral' description

WRITING INFORMAL

Everyday expressions and vocabulary, idioms e.g. (I thought I'd drop you a line to tell you about ...)

- Frequent use of short forms

-Simple linking words/phrases (and, but, so, because, etc); shorter sentences

WRITING PERSONAL

- First person (I/we); addressing the reader directly

- Frequent description/discussion of emotions

WRITING DESCRIPTIVE

- Variety of adjectives/adverbs/etc for vivid description e.g. This beautiful, enormous old building dates back to Victorian times. Its red brick front towers over the tiny square ...

LINKING WORDS/PHRASES

Linking words and phrases can make our writing more interesting by joining short, simple sentences into one longer sentence. It can also make our writing easier to understand, by showing how the ideas or events in two sentences/paragraphs are related.

CONTRAST

What hasn't been done

- show time (when, whenever, before, until, while, as soon as, etc)

- list points or show sequence (First[ly], First of all, To start with, Secondly, Next, then, Afterwards, After this/that, Finally, Last[ly], etc)

- add more points (and, also, too, Moreover, What is more, In addition, Furthermore, etc)

- show cause/effect (because, as, so, Therefore, etc)

- give examples (such as, especially, For example, For instance, etc)

- show contrast (although, but, However, On the other hand, etc)

- introduce a conclusion (Finally, Lastly, All in all, In conclusion, To sum up, etc)