public speaking final

the importance of organization

Organize speech to achieve particular results with a particular audience

• Speech is more likely to be believed 

creating the body

devising main points

creating the body

• Major points developed in body of speech

• Most speeches have 2-5

devising main points

• Highlight of what the audience can expect

• Major points developed in body of speech

• Most speeches have 2-5

organizing main points

through patterns

organizational patterns

• Chronological order

  • Main points follow time pattern

• Spatial order

  • Main points follow directional pattern

• Causal order

  • Main points show cause-effect relationship

• Problem solution order 

  • First main point: the problem

  • Second main point: the solution

  • Persuasive speech order

• Topical order

  • Main points divide topic into logical, consistent topics

selecting support materials

supplying transitions

smooth

simplifying the process

types of informational speeches

• defintion

• description

• process

• explanation

definition speech

• to define something to audience

• Sample purpose statements

  • To define for my listeners the electoral college in american politics

  • To define for my audience the meaning of the term ecotourism

description speech

• Sample purpose statements

  • To describe to my audience the highlights of the life of civil rights leader rosa parks

  • To describe to my listener the inside of a beehive

process speech

• First type: demonstration speech

  • Sample purpose statement: to teach my listeners how to remove a stain from clothing

• Second type: show how something works/functions

  • sample : to explain to my listeners how surgeons perform bloodless operations with laser beams

• Guidelines

  • Use visual aids

  • Involve the audience in physical activity whenever possible

  • Proceed slowly

  • Give warning of difficult steps

explanation speech

• Sample

  • To explain to my listeners why baptism is an important sacrament in the catholic church

guidelines for informative speaking

• Relate the speech to listeners’ self-interest 

• Make information interesting

• Avoid information overload

• Tailor information for each audience

• Use the familiar to explain the unfamiliar 

• Help listeners remember key information

  • Use acronyms

guidelines for long presentations

plan a variety of activities

goals of persuasive speaking

• Win over your listeners

• Know your subject thoroughly

  • Research both sides

• Maintain a high standard of ethical behavior

  • Resources during introduction, credentials 

types of persuasive speeches

• Speech to influence thinking

• Speech to motivate action

speech to influence thinking

• Subtle approach to getting point across without pressure

speech to motivate action

• Sample purpose statement

  • To persuade my audience…

• Make the change and persuade audience quickly 

• Ask for precise action

• Get a response 

• Don’t pressure listeners 

getting audience to act

• Use “leave-behinds” - give audience a handout or brochure; don’t have to

  • Great way for audience to continue

patterns of organization

• Statement of reasons

• problem - solution

• Problem - cause - solution

• Motivated sequence 

• Comparative advantage

motivated sequence

• Five step sequence for speeches that seek immediate action

  • Attention - gain attention

  • Need - show need for change

  • Satisfaction - provide solution

  • Visualization - enhance solution by visualizing benefits 

  • Action - urge action for solution

problem solution pattern

• Main point 1 - documents existence of problem

• Main point 2 - presents solution to problem 

statement of reasons pattern

• Popular org pattern

• Major points become reasons why you are supporting/bringing a particular object to audience’s attention

• Reason 1, reason 2, reason 3

comparative advantages pattern

• Each main point explains why one solution is preferable to other 

speech to entertain

• Anecdotes and stories 

• Descriptions

speech of introduction

• Write it under 3 min

• Introducing the guest speaker

• Consult with the speaker ahead of time (what type of intro to give them)

• Be brief

speech of presentation

• Awards and honors at work or community

• Give background information (purpose, circumstances)

• Discuss achievements 

• Mention the recipient at the end

speech of acceptance

• Given an award, promotion called upon to say a few words; more than thank you

• Thank those who played a part

• Thank the organization

• “There are many other but too numerous to name but i’m grateful for all of em” covers everyone

speech of tribute

• Celebrates or praises a person, group, institution, or event

• Convey respect, admiration, and gratitude 

• Wedding speech, memorial day

• Toast, do not tease the wedding couple if you do not have approval/permission prior

• Does not have to be alcohol can be water

• Eulogy 

  • To hear about a person’s life during a funeral

wedding speeches

• Celebrates or praises a person, group, institution, or event

• Convey respect, admiration, and gratitude 

• Wedding speech, memorial day

• do not tease the wedding couple if you do not have approval/permission prior

toasts

• do not tease the wedding couple if you do not have approval/permission prior

eulogies

To hear about a person’s life during a funeral

inspirational speech

• Give to uplift/encourage the audience 

• Upbeat speech and motivates people to do their best

• Emotional appeal

meetings

Speaking in groups

responsibilities of leaders in meetings

• Set an agenda:

  • First item of business

  • Second item of business

  • Third item of business

• Start meetings on time

• Make sure minutes are kept

  • Assign someone to take how long meeting takes

  • Important so you can look back on meeting

• Inform members about purpose and scope

  • Important to explain purpose and what company does

• Keep friendly tone

• Guide the discussion

  • If they have something to say, have a suggestion

    • Like going around at the table to give everyone a chance 

• End meetings on time

• Follow up

  • Sometimes leaders give tasks, so following up with that person is important

responsibilities of participants in meetings

• Prepare for the meeting

  • Discussing with other members on ways to make a contribution to help situation

• Arrive on time

• Participate in the discussion

• Respect other members

• Don’t monopolize the meeting

• Stick to the point

  • Make sure what you are about to say is related to what this meeting is about

reflective thinking method

• Define the problem

• Analyze the problem

• Establish criteria for evaluating solutions

• Suggest possible solutions

• Choose the best solution

• Decide how to implement the solution

• Decide how to test the solution

types of group presentations

• team presentation

• symposium

• panel discussion

team presentations

• Speech divided into 2 parts

• 2 teams work together and research topic and present to audience

symposium

• Different members are trying to solve problems

• Deliver speech but make sure speakers do not duplicate their material

panel discussion

• 3-8 panelists

• Will discuss a topic but have a moderator

• Led by moderator - they will lead the discussion, introduce the panelists, prepare remarks in advance

• All speeches will be timed

• Moderator 

  • Brief panel members in advance

  • Prepare and deliver an introduction

  • Moderate the discussion

  • Be respectful of all panelists

• Panelist

  • Prepare notes

  • Respect time limits for your introduction

  • In discussion, be brief

  • Stay on subject

strive to improve communication skills

• Continue to work to achieve communication skill goal

• Remember the essentials:

  • Focus on the audience

  • Tell stories

  • Never go over the time limit