Impact of European Colonization on Religion and Culture

Deforestation

Clearing forests for agriculture during colonization.

Soil Depletion

Nutrient exhaustion in soil from intensive farming.

Plantation Agriculture

Land-intensive farming requiring large cleared areas.

Syncretic Belief Systems

Blending of different religious practices and beliefs.

Sunni Islam

Branch of Islam supporting elected caliphs.

Shi'a Islam

Branch of Islam favoring Muhammad's bloodline successors.

Sufism

Mystical Islamic practice emphasizing personal experience.

Protestant Reformation

16th-century movement challenging Catholic Church practices.

95 Theses

Martin Luther's complaints against the Catholic Church.

Indulgences

Payments for forgiveness of sins in Catholicism.

Simony

Buying or selling church offices for profit.

Printing Press

Technology enabling widespread distribution of literature.

Catholic Reformation

Efforts to reform the Catholic Church post-Reformation.

Jesuits

Catholic order focused on education and missionary work.

Matteo Ricci

Jesuit missionary known for converting Chinese elites.

Virgin of Guadalupe

Symbol of Catholicism blending with Mexican traditions.

Puritanism

Protestant movement emphasizing strict religious discipline.

Vodun

Caribbean religion blending African traditions and Catholicism.

Theravada Buddhism

Branch of Buddhism prevalent in Southeast Asia.

Zen Buddhism

Japanese Buddhism focusing on meditation and simplicity.

Francis Xavier

Jesuit missionary known for work in Japan.

Sufi Poets

Writers promoting Sufi teachings and spirituality.

Calvinism

Protestant reform movement led by John Calvin.

Anglicanism

Church of England, formed under Henry VIII.

Counter-Reformation

Catholic response to Protestant Reformation challenges.

Ancestor Veneration

Respecting and honoring deceased family members.

Bondye

Creator god in Haitian Vodou, linked to Judeo-Christian God.

Loa

Lesser spirits in Vodou, associated with Catholic saints.

Cult of Saints

Catholic tradition of venerating saints in Latin America.

St. Rosa de Lima

Patroness of the Americas and indigenous peoples.

St. Philip of Jesus

First Mexican saint, martyr of Japan.

Sikhism

Religion from Punjab, influenced by Jainism, Hinduism, Islam.

Guru Nanak

Founder of Sikhism, emphasized spiritual union with God.

Renaissance Art

Cultural revival emphasizing Greco-Roman thought in Europe.

Linear Perspective

Art technique creating depth and dimension in paintings.

Medici Family

Patrons of Renaissance art, notably Lorenzo 'the Magnificent'.

Miniature Paintings

Detailed images in manuscripts, popular under Mughal and Safavid.

Wood-block Printing

Printing technique allowing mass production of images in Japan.

Post-conquest Codices

Mesoamerican manuscripts with realistic imagery post-European conquest.

Literacy Expansion

Increased reading and writing due to the printing press.

Shakespeare

Influential English playwright, standardizing the English language.

Cervantes

Spanish author of 'Don Quixote', influencing Spanish language.

Sundiata

Founder of Mali Empire, subject of an epic oral poem.

Journey to the West

16th-century Chinese novel about Xuanzang's pilgrimage.

Kabuki

17th-century Japanese theatre known for colorful performances.

Epic of Sundiata

Oral poem narrating the Mali Empire's founding legend.

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty during which 'Journey to the West' was written.

Daoist Immortals

Figures in Chinese mythology representing eternal life.

Bodhisattvas

Buddhist figures who delay enlightenment to help others.

Urban Population

Increasing city dwellers influencing cultural developments.

Patronage of the Arts

Support for artists by wealthy elites during cultural revival.

Performing Arts

Art forms like theatre and dance, popularized in society.

Visual Arts

Art forms including painting and sculpture, evolving significantly.

Cultural Revival

Renewed interest in classical ideas and traditions.

Griots

West African oral historians preserving cultural narratives.