PR

Inquiry

Inquiry

• is a leaming process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places, or events.

• You do this by investigating or asking questions about something you are inquisitive about.

Theory on Connected Experiences for Exploratory and Reflective Thinking, Theory of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), Theory of Constructivism or Discovery Learning

Government Principles of Inquiry

John Dewey (1859-1952)

• an American educator and philosopher, was the number one supporter of this basic theory of IBL

• It was he who strongly promoted experiential learning or learning by doing.

Lev Vygotsky (1978)

• a renowned psychologist, was the proponent of this learning theory that underpins social constructivism

• is the basis of Inquiry-based Learning.

• states that students can learn faster and more effectively if they get help from more learned or experienced people or from instructional scaffolding.

front-loading vocabulary

encourages teachers to carry out teaching strategies such as: showing pictures, activating students' schemata, using graphic organizers, chunking texts, previewing texts, modeling, demonstrating, and encouraging pair or group work among others to provoke, enhance, or support students' learning.

Jerome Bruner (1915 - 2016)

• an American psychologist, was one of the leading backers of this learning theory that would enable the learners to discover answers to their inquiries through their reliance on their schemata prior knowledge or experience.

• He said that the students' varied world perceptions arising from the myriad of knowledge stock in their minds enable them to come out with their own interpretative thinking of people and things around them

Accuracy

It must give factual and exact data in which should be correctly and appropriately documented or acknowledged in the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries.

Objectivity

It must deal with facts and not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions:

Timeliness

It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society

Relevance

Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community.

Clarity

It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language.

Systematic

It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.

Ethical

It must be geared toward what are advantageous or beneficial rather than what are detrimental by respecting preferences on matters of confidentiality. independence, or freedom.

Based on Application of Research Method, Based on Purpose, Based on Types of Data Needed

Types of Research

Pure

it deals with ideas principles, or abstract concepts.

Descriptive Research

• This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, a thing, an event, a group, or a situation among others.

• centers mainly on the what of the subject of the study, that is, it simply aims at exactly establishing, describing, or naming what such person or thing is all about.

Correlational Research

• shows relationships or connectedness between two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the research

• It is concerned with indicating the existence of a relationship and not the causes of such relationship

Positive Correlation

if another variable the increase of one variable results in the increase of another variable

Negative Correlation

If the increase works to decrease the other variable

Natural Observation

observations of variables happen in a natural environment

Survey Research

data come from questionnaire survey

Archival Research

analysis of data collected by others

Explanatory Research

This type of research is also called "causal research in that it focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of something and on the present or future effects of such happening. First, it makes you analyze and understand the nature of something. Second, it establishes the connection of such thing to another one as well as clarifies the pattern or manner of their connectivity. Third, it gives you the changes resulting from the relationship or connection of these two things (Creswell, 2008 Fox & Bayat, 2007).

Exploratory research

, also known as "formulative research," has the purpose of exploring a certain topic, specifically, one that was not given clear explanations or results in previous research studies. Labeled as formulative research, aims at obtaining clearer understanding of the research problem and formulating exact hypothesis or assumptions to ensure an accurate investigation (Shields, 2013).

Action Research

This type of research studies an ongoing practice of a school, an organization, a community, or any institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring about improvements in the system. This is an investigative act done usually by people who have already been involved in a certain practice and institutional operations to find ways and means for better management standards.

Qualitative research

• requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses content that highlights the human experience.

• It is largely an investigation of data that cannot be measured but are reflective of people's thoughts, beliefs, feelings. views, and lifestyles

Quantitative research

• involves measurement of data that presents research findings in reference to numerical forms, ie, using percentages fractions, and numbers.

scientific or positive approach, naturalistic approach, triangulation approach

approaches of research

Human Understanding and Interpretation, Active, Powerful, and Forceful, Multiple Research Approaches and Methods, Specificity to Generalization, Contextualization, Diversified Data in Real-life Situations, Abounds with Words and Visuals, Internal Analysis

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

Case Study, Ethnography, Phenomenology, Content and Discourse Analysis

Types of Qualitative Research

Case Study

This type of qualitative research usually takes place in the field of social care, nursing psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, and the like. This involves a long-time study of a person, groun, organization, or situation. It seeks to find answers to why such thing occurs to the subject.

ethnography

is derived from the Greek terms ethnos which means "people, folk or nation and grapho which means "to write Falling under the field of anthropology. is a study of a certain cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational setup, internal operations, and lifestyles. A specific group reveals the nature or characteristics of their own culture through the world perceptions of the genuine members of the cultural group being studied.

Phenomenology

Coming from the word "phenomenon, which means something known through sensory experience, phenomenology refers to the study of how people find their experiences meaningful. Its primary goal is to make people understand their experiences about death of loved ones, care for handicapped persons, friendliness of people, and the like. In doing so, other people will likewise understand the meanings attached to their experiences. Those engaged in assisting people to manage their own lives properly often do this qualitative kind of research.

Content and Discourse Analysis

is a method of quantitative research that requires an analysis or examination of the substance or content of the mode of communication-letters, books, journals, photos, video recordings, SMS, online messages, emails, audio-visual materials and so on-used by a person group organization, or any institution Communicating A study of language structures used in the medium of communication to dacover the effects of sociological cutural institutional, and ideological factors a the content makes a discourse analysis in studying the content or structures of the material you need a question of a set of questions to guide you in your analysis

Historical Analysis

Central to this qualitative research method is the examination of varied sources of data to make you understand the connection of past events to the present time. The results of your analysis enable you to form conclusions predict the future, and specify phenomenological changes in unchanged aspect of society. The following are the methods of historical research:

Grounded Theory (GT)

This theory takes place when you discover a new theory to underlie your study at the time of data-collection and analysis.