cell divison part 1

Mitosis and meiosis can both occur in which of the following cell types?

A. Skin cells

B. Muscle cells

C. Bone cells

D. Germ cells

E. Neurons

Germ cells

In order, what are the steps of mitosis?

A. Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase, and prometaphase

B. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

C. Prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase, and prometaphase

D. Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase, and prometaphase

E. Prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase, and prometaphase

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

During which step of mitosis does the nucleolus disassemble?

A. Metaphase

B. Telophase

C. Cytokinesis

D. Prophase 

E. Anaphase I

Prophase 

During mitosis, chromatin first condenses into chromosomes during __________.

A. Anaphase II

B. Telophase

C. Prophase

D. Cytokinesis

E. Metaphase II 

Prophase

The breakdown of the nucleus in mitosis occurs during __________.

A. Anaphase 

B. Prophase

C. Prometaphase 

D. Telophase

E. Cytokinesis

Prometaphase 

When does the mitotic spindle begin to develop during mitosis?

A. Anaphase

B. Prophase

C. Metaphase

D. Telophase 

E. Cytokinesis

 Prophase

During mitosis, microtubules start binding to kinetochores during __________.

A. Fertilization

B. Prophase II

C. Prometaphase

D. Anaphase I

E. Prophase

Prometaphase

Prophase is characterized by all the following changes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Chromosomes condense and are visible

B. Nucleolus disappears

C. Nuclear membrane is intact

D. Centrosomes are at opposite sides of the cell

E. Spindle fibers form from the centrosomes

Centrosomes are at opposite sides of the cell

Which step of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning at the center of the cell?

A. Prophase I

B. Prophase II

C. Metaphase

D. Anaphase 

E. Telophase

Metaphase

During mitotic prophase, chromatin further condenses into __________.

A. Vacuoles

B. Nuclear lamina

C. Kinetochores

D. Chromosomes

Chromosomes

Which component of the chromatid do spindle fibers bind to during mitosis?

A. Gene 

B. Allele

C. Kinetochore

D. DNA

E. Synaptonemal complex

Kinetochore

A geneticist would like to produce an image of a patient’s chromosomes. Which step of mitosis should they inspect for the best observation of the individual chromosomes?

A. Prophase

B. Metaphase 

C. Anaphase 

D. Telophase 

E. Cytokinesis

Metaphase 

Imaging of a complete set of a person's chromosomes is known as __________.

A. Gel electrophoresis

B. Western blot

C. Southern blot

D. Karyotyping

E. ELISA

Karyotyping

Metaphase of mitosis involves the following characteristics EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Full development of mitotic spindle

B. Centrosomes are at opposite ends of the pole

C. Chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the cell

D. Chromosomes are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

E. Sister chromatids are bound to spindle fibers

Chromosomes are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

In somatic cells, spindle fibers used during mitosis are created by the __________.

A. Nucleolus

B. Cytoplasm

C. Centrioles

D. Chromatin

E. Kinetochore

Centrioles

At which point of somatic cell mitosis do chromosome numbers first increase?

A. Prophase 

B. Anaphase

C. Metaphase 

D. Telophase 

E. Binary fission

Anaphase

Which of the following occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

A. Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

B. Chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell

C. Nucleolus disappears

D. Mitotic spindle develops

E. Chromosomes begin to decondense

Chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell

Which of the following is the correct number of chromosomes in most healthy human cells?

A. 21

B. 23

C. 42

D. 46

E. 92

46

How many homologous pairs are in a healthy diploid cell?

A. 21

B. 23

C. 24

D. 46

E. 92

23

How many chromatids are in a human somatic cell right before it enters cell division?

A. 23 chromatids 

B. 42 chromatids

C. 46 chromatids

D. 52 chromatids

E. 92 chromatids

92

Which of the following best describes a diploid cell?

A. Cell with one copy of each chromosome

B. Cell with two copies of each chromosome

C. Cells that are formed from an error in cell division

D. Cells produced by gametes undergoing meiosis

E. Gametes used in sexual reproduction

Cell with two copies of each chromosome

Which of the following changes occurs during mitotic anaphase?

A. Chromatin begins to condense

B. Chromosome numbers decrease

C. Sister chromatids are separated

D. Mitotic spindle begins to form

E. Nucleus reforms

Sister chromatids are separated

The separation of chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell during mitotic anaphase is known as ________.

A. Crossing over

B. Nondisjunction

C. Disjunction

D. Aneuploidy

E. Binary fission 

Disjunction

During which step of mitosis does nuclear division occur?

A. Cytokinesis

B. Prophase

C. Anaphase

D. Metaphase 

E. Telophase

Telophase

The nuclear envelope of the somatic cell reforms during which step of mitosis?

A. Cytokinesis

B. Metaphase 

C. Telophase 

D. Anaphase 

E. Prophase

Telophase 

Which step of mitosis involves the reformation of the nucleolus?

A. Telophase 

B. Anaphase

C. Metaphase

D. Prophase

E. Cytokinesis

Telophase 

The telophase step of mitosis involves all the following changes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Decondensing of chromosomes

B. Nuclear envelope reforms

C. Nucleolus reforms

D. Mitotic spindle binds to sister chromatids

E. Nuclear division occurs 

Mitotic spindle binds to sister chromatids

Which of the following best defines cytokinesis during mitosis?

A. Duplication of chromosomes 

B. Formation of nucleus 

C. Crossing over of chromosomes

D. Decondensing of chromatids 

E. Physical division of cytoplasm

Physical division of cytoplasm

Which of the following occurs in animal cells during mitotic cytokinesis?

A. Lengthening of actin and myosin filaments

B. Pulling of cytoplasm to opposite ends of the cell

C. Cleavage furrow formation

D. Cell plate formation

E. Middle lamella cementation

Cleavage furrow formation

Which of the following must occur for a cleavage furrow to develop during cytokinesis?

A. Shortening of tubulin microfilaments

B. Shortening of actin and tubulin microfilaments

C. Shortening of actin and myosin microfilaments

D. Shortening of microtubules connected to chromatid

E. Development of middle lamella

Shortening of actin and myosin microfilaments

Which of the following occurs in plant cells during mitotic cytokinesis?

A. Cleavage furrow forms

B. Actin and myosin microfilaments shorten

C. Plasma membrane is pulled into the cell center

D. Cell plate forms

E. Two plant cells fuse together

Cell plate forms

Which region on the chromosome connects sister chromatids together?

A. Centrosomes

B. Centromere

C. Kinetochore

D. Chiasmata

E. Synaptonemal complex

Centromere

A mutated chromosome is unable to be separated into sister chromatids during mitosis. Which of the following is most likely absent from its chromosomal structure?

A. Chiasmata

B. Ribosomes

C. Kinetochore 

D. Actin filaments

E. Hormone receptors

Kinetochore 

A scientist would like to detect Down's Syndrome, a disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, in his patient. During which phase of cell division should his patient’s chromosomes be imaged?

A. Prophase I of meiosis

B. Telophase I of meiosis 

C. Metaphase of mitosis

D. Prophase of mitosis

E. Anaphase of mitosis

Metaphase of mitosis

The primary role of mitosis is to __________.

A. Provide a means of sexual reproduction

B. introduce genetic variability into the population

C. Produce new cells for growth and repair

D. Produce gametes

E. Produce spores

Produce new cells for growth and repair

The following are crucial parts of mitosis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Chromosome condensation

B. Separation of centrosomes

C. Spindle formation

D. Synapsis 

E. Disjunction

Synapsis 

Which of the following needs to occur in order to see chromosomes during karyotyping?

A. Disjunction 

B. Cleavage furrow formation

C. Condensation of chromosomes 

D. Crossing over

E. Disintegration of chromatin

Condensation of chromosomes 

Which of the following occurs during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle?

A. G1 and G2

B. G1 and S 

C. G2 and S

D. S and Mitosis 

E. Mitosis and cytokinesis

Mitosis and cytokinesis

During which phases of the cell cycle does cell growth usually occur?

A. Mitotic phase

B. Cytokinesis

C. G1 and G2 phase

D. Apoptosis

E. G0

G1 and G2 phase

DNA synthesis or replication of DNA molecules occurs in the __________.

A. G0 phase of the cell cycle

B. G1 phase of the cell cycle

C. G2 phase of the cell cycle

D. S phase of the cell cycle

E. M phase of the cell cycle

S phase of the cell cycle

During which phase of the cell cycle are sister chromatids created?

A. Cytokinesis

B. Prophase

C. G1 

D. G2 

E. S

s

When does the first checkpoint of the cell cycle occur?

A. At the start of the G1 phase

B. At the end of the G1 phase

C. At the end of the G2 phase

D. At the end of the S phase

E. At the end of cytokinesis

At the end of the G1 phase

Which of the following cells remain in G0 throughout adulthood?

A. Skin and hair cells

B. Nerve and muscle cells

C. Nerve and stomach cells

D. Liver and kidney cells

E. Kidney and stomach cells

Nerve and muscle cells

Which of the following is true concerning the G0 phase of the cell cycle?

A. triggers the cell to be in a dividing state

B. All cells eventually enter G0

C. Some cells are able to exit G0

D. Cells are placed here if conditions are favorable after the G1 phase

E. Cells are placed here if conditions are not favorable after the G2 phase

Some cells are able to exit G0

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replication accuracy and completion examined?

A. G1 checkpoint

B. Cytokinesis

C. G2 checkpoint 

D. M checkpoint 

E. G0

G2 checkpoint 

The attachments of chromosomes to kinetochores is checked for accuracy during the __________.

A. G0 phase

B. G1 checkpoint

C. G2 checkpoint

D. M checkpoint

E. Cytokinesis

M checkpoint

After which critical checkpoint is anaphase triggered?

A. 1

B. G0 

C. G1 checkpoint

D. G2 checkpoint 

E. Prophase

M checkpoint 

A mutated cell replicates its genome but makes several mistakes. The cell passes the cellular checkpoint anyway. Which of the following is not functioning correctly?

A. M checkpoint 

B. G1 checkpoint

C. G2 checkpoint 

D. Cytokinesis 

E. Telophase 

G2 checkpoint 

Which of the following lists the correct order of phases of cell division?

A. G1, G2, S, and M phase

B. G1, G2, M, and S phase 

C. G1, S, G2, and M phase

D. G1, S, M, and G2 phase

E. G1, G0, G2, and M phase

G1, S, G2, and M phase

Interphase of the mitotic cycle occurs immediately before __________.

A. Anaphase

B. Telophase

C. Metaphase

D. Prophase

E. Cytokinesis

Prophase

Which of the following is the correct number of chromatids in a chromosome after DNA replication?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. 5

2

Which of the following stages does the cell enter if it fails the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

A. G2

B. S

C. G0

D. M

E. Cytokinesis

g0

Which of the following stages does the cell enter if it passes the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

A. G2

B. G0

C. S  

D. M

E. Cytokinesis

s

Interphase includes which of the following cellular stages?

A. G1 and S

B. G1 and G2

C. G1, G0, S, and G2

D. G1, S, G0

E. G1, S, G2, and M

G1, G0, S, and G2

At the end of mitosis, each daughter cell will have __________.

A. 23 chromosomes

B. 23 chromatids

C. 46 chromatids 

D. 92 chromosomes

E. 92 chromatids 

46 chromatids