unit 4 aphug vocab

African Union

Supranational organization for African trade

Antecedent boundary

Boundary predating human settlement

Arctic Council

Supranational organization near Arctic Circle

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Economic alliance to compete with China

Autonomous region

Region with internal laws like Indian reservations

Berlin Conference

1887 European division of Africa

Centrifugal force

Force pushing people apart

Centripetal force

Force bringing people together

Choke point

Narrow global resource passage like Suez Canal

Colonialism

European expansion outside Europe

Consequent boundary

Boundary aligning with existing cultural groups

Boundary definition

Negotiation of a boundary

Boundary delimitation

Boundary drawing on a map

Boundary demarcation

Boundary marking on the landscape

Decolonization

Post-WWII end of colonialism

Demilitarized zone

Buffer zone like N and S Korea DMZ

Democratization

Spread of democracy

Devolution

Power transfer to regional governments

Economies of scale

increase in production leads to decrease in costs

Ethnic cleansing

Forcible removal of minority ethnic groups

Ethno-nationalist movements

the global movement of nations seeking self determination

Ethnic separatism

Ethnic group seeking own territory

European Union

European economic supranational organization

Exclusive economic zone

Resource control 200 nautical miles offshore

Failed state

Non-functioning state

Federal state

State with subnational entities

Geometric boundary

Straight line boundary like US-Canada

Gerrymandering

Political district manipulation for advantage

Imperialism

European control of Africa and Asia

Independence movement

the organization of a group to break away

Independent states

Building blocks of world map

Infrastructure development

Stable states with good infrastructure are more pollitically stable

International waters

Oceans beyond 200 nm EEZ

Irredentism

state tries to claim territory with their majority ethnic group

Maritime boundary

Ocean political boundaries

Meridian line principle

Division when not 200 nm apart

Military alliances

Protection pacts like NATO

Multinational state

State with multiple nations

Multistate nation

Nation across multiple states like Germans

Nation

Group seeking self-determination

Nation-state

State with one nation like Japan

Nation-state concept

the idea that people should be able to govern based on their culture

Neocolonialism

periphery states are still controlled economically and culturally

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

US and Western Europe military alliance

Political effect of changes in communication technology

Facilitates devolution, democratization

Supranationalism

Alliance of 3 or more states

Political entity

Area with unique laws

Reapportionment

Political seat reassignment

Redistricting

District redraw based on population

Relic boundary

Non-functional boundary like North and South Vietnam

Self-determination

Desire for self-governance

Semiautonomous region

Region with less control than autonomous

Shatterbelt

Culturally fragmented area due to external forces

Sovereignty

Right to govern without interference

State

Defined territory

State fragmentation

State division into smaller political units

State disintegration

State dissolution like Soviet Union

Stateless nation

Nation without territory like Kurds

Subsequent boundary

Boundary evolving with cultures

Superimposed boundary

Externally drawn boundary like in Africa

Territoriality

Cultural and economic imposition on landscape

Territorial sea

12 nm controlled sea zone

Terrorism

Violence for political goals

Tariffs

Import taxes

Unitary state

Centralized state control

United Nations

Global state alliance

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Maritime law agreement

Voting district

Representation area with 700,000 people

Spain

Devolution example with Catalonia

Belgium

flanders and waloons

Canada

English-French devolution example

Nigeria

Uneven development with 300 ethnic groups

Sudan

Disintegrated into North and South Sudan

Soviet Union

Disintegrated into Russia and 15 states