Fascism and the Rise of Hitler in Europe

Fascism

Militant far-right political movement emphasizing nationalism.

Totalitarianism

Government controls all aspects of life, unlike communism.

Ultra-nationalism

Extreme pride in one's nation, often aggressive.

Benito Mussolini

Leader of the Fascist Party in Italy.

Il Duce

Title meaning 'The Leader' held by Mussolini.

Black Shirts

Mussolini's thugs used for intimidation.

Secret Police

Government agents enforcing loyalty and suppressing dissent.

Propaganda

Information biased to promote a political cause.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian-born leader of Nazi Germany.

Nazism

German variant of fascism led by Hitler.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's book outlining his beliefs and goals.

Lebensraum

Concept of 'living space' for Germans through conquest.

Aryan Race

Hitler's belief in a superior race.

Versailles Treaty

Post-WWI agreement seen as humiliating by Germany.

Chancellor

Title held by Hitler after gaining power.

Der Fuhrer

Title meaning 'The Leader' adopted by Hitler.

Third Reich

Nazi regime aimed to last 1,000 years.

Gestapo

Secret police enforcing Nazi policies.

Nuremberg Laws

Laws targeting Jews, stripping them of rights.

Kristallnacht

Night of violence against Jews in 1938.

Anti-Semitism

Hatred and discrimination against Jews.

Hitler Youth

Youth organization promoting Nazi ideology.