Forensic Science: Blood, DNA, and Evidence Analysis

Which blood component contains antibodies?

B) Plasma

What does the Kastle-Meyer test detect?

A) Presence of blood

Which blood component contains antibodies?

B) Plasma

What does the Kastle-Meyer test detect?

A) Presence of blood

What is the purpose of the precipitin test?

B) Determine if blood is human or animal

What is the most widely used DNA profiling procedure?

B) STR analysis

In forensic anthropology, which skeletal feature is most useful in determining gender?

C) Pelvis

What does STR stand for in DNA analysis?

A) Short Tandem Repeats

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cause of death?

C) Homicide

What type of cell does mitochondrial DNA come from?

C) Mitochondria

What is the medullary index used for?

B) Identify hair source

What technique is used to determine the height of a deceased individual?

C) Measuring long bones

What is the primary component of the DNA molecule?

C) Nucleotides

What evidence is often collected in sexual assault cases?

D) All of the above

What is a locus in genetics?

B) A specific position on a chromosome

For a DNA profile to match, the number of STR repeats must be the same at all loci in question.

A) True

In blood type AB, what antibodies are present in the plasma?

D) None

What is the first step in processing a DNA sample in PCR?

A) Heating to denature DNA

Which enzyme is used to break down DNA strands for PCR?

B) Helicase

Which bodily fluid can be tested using the EMIT technique?

C) Urine

The presence of which factor determines Rh positive blood?

B) D antigen

What is the main forensic role of mitochondrial DNA?

B) Maternal lineage tracing

Which hair phase has the highest probability of containing nuclear DNA?

A) Anagen

What color change does the Kastle-Meyer test produce when blood is present?

D) Pink

Which of the following does not determine blood type?

D) Diet

Which test detects the presence of seminal fluid?

C) Acid Phosphatase Test

What part of the hair contains pigment granules that give hair color?

B) Cortex

The presence of which of the following determines that blood is human?

C) Precipitin test

Which blood type is the universal donor?

D) O

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

B) To prepare cells for division

The enzyme used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands is called:

C) DNA polymerase

Forensic scientists use gel electrophoresis to:

A) Separate DNA fragments by size

Which DNA analysis technique is most effective for severely degraded samples?

B) STR analysis

What characteristic of STRs makes them useful in forensic analysis?

C) They vary greatly among individuals

Forensic scientists collect blood samples by swabbing with which type of water?

C) Distilled water

What is CODIS?

B) A database for criminal DNA profiles

The Y-STRs used in forensic science are located on which chromosome?

C) Y chromosome

What is the main purpose of autopsies in forensic science?

B) To establish cause and manner of death

Which type of wound is associated with bruising due to blunt force?

D) Contusion

In which phase do muscles stiffen shortly after death?

B) Rigor mortis

What is the forensic relevance of mitochondrial DNA?

C) Tracks maternal lineage

How can hair be individualized to a person?

C) Through DNA analysis of the follicular tag

Which characteristic of hair can suggest a racial origin?

C) Medullary index

When does livor mortis start to appear on the body after death?

C) 20 minutes to 3 hours

What is the function of a comparison microscope in forensic hair analysis?

B) To match color and structure of hairs

What substance is primarily used to visualize fingerprints?

B) Fingerprint powder

Forensic entomologists can estimate time of death by studying:

C) Insect life cycles

Which process is used to amplify DNA samples?

C) PCR

The amylase enzyme is important in forensic science for detecting:

C) Saliva

What is the minimum number of STR loci required for CODIS entries?

B) 13

Which type of force injury is caused by a sharp weapon?

D) Sharp force injury

What type of evidence is collected first at a crime scene?

C) Photographs