Unit 3 keyterms

Culture

A group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects.

Cultural traits

The visible and invisible building blocks of culture

Cultural norms

The shared standards and patterns that guide the behavior of a group of people

Cultural hearth

The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops

Traditional culture

Term that describes long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation.

Artifacts

These makeup material culture as tangible things that can be experienced by the senses

Globalization

The process of intensified, interactions among peoples governments and companies of different countries around the globe with increased integration of the world economy

Material culture

Tangible things such as art clothes, food, music, sports, and housing types that make up a culture

Popular culture

Cultural trace such as clothing, music, movies, types of businesses, and the built landscape spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups

Relocation diffusion

This better illustrates by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

Expansion diffusion

The spread of cultural traits through a director indirect exchanges without migration

Contagious diffusion

When a cultural straight spies continuously outward from its heart through contact among people

Hierarchical diffusion

The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and importance

Stimulus diffusion

When people in a culture adopt an underlying idea or process from another culture, but modify it because they rejected on trait of it

Sociofacts

The way people organized their society and relate to one another

Mentifacts

Beliefs, values practices, aesthetic, central, and enduring to a cultures identity

Taboos

Behaviors, heavily discouraged by a culture

Ethnicity

Membership to a group of people who share group cultural traits, such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experiences

Nationality

Membership to a group of people who share a connection to a particular country

Centripetal forces

Forces that unify a groups of people or a region

Centrifugal forces

forces that divide a group of people or a region

Ethnocentrism

Be belief that once own cultural group is more important and more superior to another culture

Cultural relativism

The concept that a persons or groups beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other groups culture

Cultural appropriation

The action of adopting traits, icons or other elements of another culture

Diaspora

Global migration of people from one place to another as a religious group

Gendered spaces

Space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles such as having strict spaces for women and men

Ethnic neighborhood

Cultural landscapes within communities of people from similar cultural backgrounds outside of their areas of origin

Postmodern architecture

Developed after the 1960s, a movement away from boxy, concrete or brick structures towards high rise structures made of steel and glass siding

Traditional architecture

Style of building that reflects a local cultures history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment , typically utilizing available materials

Placelessness

Places without unique features due to cultural homogenity

Placemaking

A community driven process in which people collaborate create a place where they live , work play and learn

Indo-European language family

A large group of languages that might all Have descended from a language spoken around 6000 years ago

Isolate

A language not assigned to a language family, and has no known historic or linguistic relationship with any other known language

Isolate

A language not assigned to a language family, and has no known historic or linguistic relationship with any other known language

Lingua Franca

A common language used by people who do not share the same native language

Creolization

Two or more separate cultural elements that blend together to create new cultural traits

Homogeneous

Made up largely of ethnically similar people

Cultural convergence

Cultures become similar to each other and share more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs

Cultural divergence

The idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance time physical separation and modern technology create divisions and changes

Dialect

Regional variations of a language

Hinduism

An ethnic religion that includes the worship of many deities

Buddhism

Religion that grew out of the teachings of a prince named siddhartha

Sikhism

A newer universalizing monotheistic faith founded by Guru Nanak

Judaism

One of the first monotheistic faiths based on the writing of the Torah

Christianity

Monotheistic faith that began when followers of a Jewish teacher Jesus envolved into their own religion based on Jesus being the son of god and savior humans

Islam

Religions followed by Muslims that believe that a lot revealed his teachings to humans through a series of prophets

Pilgrimage

A religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion

Secularized

Not religious

Universal religion

Actively seeks convert to its faith, regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

Ethnic religion

Belief traditions, that emphasize strong, cultural characteristics among their followers

Denomination

Separate organization that unite a number of local religious congregations

Sect

Relatively small group that has separated from an established denomination

Syncretism

Fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait

Multiculturalism

The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study

Acculturation

Ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopt the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining elements of their own culture

Assimilation

When an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group, ethnic group must give up their own cultural traits for those of the new area

Collectivist cultures

People are expected to conform to shared responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members