Chapter 8- Criminal Law

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Grade 11 Canadian Law

Law

32 Terms

1

intelligence

collecting, evaluating, analyzing, and reporting information. Especially of a military, criminal or political nature

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2

crime scene

the site where the offence took place

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3

center

the area in which the offence was actually committed

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4

perimeter

areas surrounding the center, where the offender may have been present or left evidence

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5

contamination

The loss, destruction, or alteration of physical evidence

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6

police log

a written record of what an officer has witnessed

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7

Physical Evidence

Any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator.

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8

Forensic Science

The use of biochemical and other scientific techniques to analyze evidence in a criminal investigation

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9

impressions

patterns or marks found on surfaces and caused by various objects

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10

Class Characteristics

the general attributes of an object

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11

individual characteristics

the specific and unique features of an object

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12

visible fingerprint

the print formed when a fingertip is coated in blood, grease, or some other substance; it is visible to the naked eye

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13

latent fingerprint

print formed by fingertip, invisible to the naked eye

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14

chain of custody

the witnessed, written record of the people who maintained unbroken control over an item of evidence

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15

arrest

legally depriving someone of liberty by seizing or touching the person to indicate that he or she is in custody

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16

detention

legally depriving a person of liberty for the purpose of asking questions, with or without physical restraint

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17

reasonable grounds

info that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that the suspect committed a criminal offense

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18

appearance notice

legal document, mostly issued for summary offenses, compelling an accused to appear in court

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19

summons

legal document issued for an indictable offense ordering an accused to appear in court

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20

arrest warrant

written court order, directing the arrest of the suspect

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21

peace officer

a person responsible for preserving the public peace, such as a police officer, a mayor, or a customs officer

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22

citizens arrest

arrest without a warrant by any person other than a peace officer

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23

search warrant

court document that gives police the right to search a specific place

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24

tele warrant

search warrant obtained by phone/fax

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25

line up

grouping of people shown to a victim or a witness for the purpose of identifying the perpetrator

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26

promise to appear

signed agreement that the accused will appear in court at the time of trial

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27

recognizance

guarantee that the accused will appear in court when require, under penalty of a fine up to 500

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28

show cause hearing

judicial hearing which the crown or accused has to convince the judge to detain/release the accused before trial

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29

reverse onus

burden of proof shifts to the defense

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30

bail

temporary release of the defendant prior to trial

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31

surety

person who agrees to make a payment if the accused does not appear on trial

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32

bench warrant

an arrest warrant issued directly by the judge when an accused person fails to appear in court

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