ENVI

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Application of scientific principles to improve the natural environment for the development and benefit of the society.

ETHICS

Define the code that a society or group of people adhete to

Moral

Delve into right and wrong at a much deeper level, which is about personal and spiritual

Environment

refers to the surroundings in which a person, animal,plant and other microorganisms live or operate.

Engineering

refers to the application of scientific principles for the planning, design, operation and maintenance of structures, equipment or systems for the development and benefit of the society

Biotic Environment

It compose of plants, animals, microorganisms, and human beings

Abiotic Environment

It compose of land, water and air

Synergism

The process where more harmful substance are produced from less harmful ones

Mesosphere

Part of the atmosphere where most of the photochemical reactions take place

Herbivores

Organisms that belong to the second trophic level

Niche

It is identified as the role of the organisms in the community

Ammonification

This is the process where decomposers return back the nitrogen to the soils through the remains and waste of plants and animals

Biomagnification

This involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species of the food chain

Nitrogen Fixation

The process of converting nitrogen gas to ammonia is called

Detritivores

These types of organisms feed on the waste of the ecosystem

Dominant plant life

Biomes are distinguised or identified by its

Anaerobic Bacteria

Denitrification is carrried out when bacteria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas. What are these bacteria?

Bioaccumulation

The total uptake of chemicals by an organism from food items as well as via mass transport of dissolved chemicals

20

The permissible color for domestic water supply in ppm is

Turbidity

The resistance of water to the passage of light through it is a measure of the water’s

Suspended and dissolved solids

The total solids in water are due to the presense of

Hardness

Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of waste water?

Hydrogen Sulfide

This is the gas responsible for the rotten egg odor of waste water

Cadmium

A trace metal which causes Itai-itai disease

Eutrophication

It is a phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over tim in a body of water

Iron and Manganese

The red brownish color of water is due to the presence of dissolved impurities of

Dissolved CO2

The alkalinity of waste water is due to the presence of the following except

CaCo3

The hardness of water is usually expressed as parts per million of

BOD - BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

Which of the following can be used to measure the assimilative capacity of a stream?

Primary Treatment

Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage of suspended solid and toxic materials

Screening

This is a process whereby coarse matter ( suspended or floating) of a certaing size can be strained out of flowing water with the aid of bars, fine wires or rocks.

Sedimentation

The removal of all settable particles rendered settable under the influence of gravity, basically the theory of gravity under the influence of which all particles heavier then water tend to settle down

Water

Which of the following is not used as an adsorbent material?

Mud Balls

Insufficient washing of sand grains in a rapid sand filter causes

Sulfuric Acid

Which of the following is not use for the disinfection of water

pH = 6-9

Most aquatic organisms can survive in a pH range of about

Aluminum Sulfate

which of the following is the most commonly used coagulating agent?

Mathenoglobenemia

Nitrates more than 50 ppm in water leads to a disease called

Sterilization

The process of disinfecting bacteria is called

Residual Chlorine

The amount of chlorine available in water after disinfection is called___

Temporary Hardness

What substance in water is removed in the Lime Soda Process?

Coagulation

An electrochemical process used in the removal of colloidal matter in wastewater through reduction of electrostatic charges surrounding the solids is_____

Sludge

These are accumulated solids removed from separation equipment such as settling tanks and clarifiers.

Chlorination

Water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance bacteria, parasites and other organisms and removes soluble chlorine, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from water

Minamata

A neurological diesease characterized by trembling, inability to walk and speak, serius combulsions that can lead to death due to ingestion of mercury

Tertiary Treatment

Type of wastewater treatment that employs biological methods to remove fine suspended colloidal and dissolved organics by biochemical oxidation

Biological treatment is most practical

A wastewater with a BOD/COD = 1 indicates that ____

Activated Sludge Process

A continuous re-circulating aerobic biochemical process that keeps cells in a suspended growth

Total Count Test

When a sample of water is added to a medium of agar and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours, colonies of bacteria formed are counted. This test is called____

Dissolved Gases

Aeration of water is done to remove

DENR Administrative Order No. 34

It is the legislation that presents the revised water usage and classification

Class B

The class of water intended for primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming,skin diving, etc.

Kyoto Protocol

A global treaty that aims to regulation emissions of greenhouse gases

Superadiabatic

What is the atmospheric condition when the lapse rate > 10oC /km

Agenda 21

This provides the blue print action towards sustainable development

Fly Ash

It is a generic term used to describe the particulate matter carried in the effluent gas from furnaces buring fossil fuels.

NOx

These are reddish brown oxides in concentrated form which may produce an abnormal accummulation of fluids in the lungs

Settling Chamber

These are closed compartments that use gravitational force to extract dust and mist and typically used only for larger particles

Montreal Protocol

A global treaty that aims to diminish and eventually phase out CFCs

ozone

t is a very unstable gas use for disinfection, a very powerful oxidant capable of oxidizing 200 t0 300 times more that chlorine and can reduce complex taste and odor in water.

Thermal Inversion

A phenomenon where a cold layer of air becomes trapped by a layer or warmer air above due to a lack of wind circulation or the presence or certain tropographical features such as mountains that results to air pollution being trapped in the lower, cooler laters of the troposphere

SMOG

This is described as the cloud of air pollution trapped by thermal inversion

Stockholm Convention

A global treaty that aims to protect human health and environment from POPs

Peroxiacetylnitrate

PAN is a powerful lachrymator or tear producer formed  from unburned hydrocarbons, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides and oxygen. PAN stands for____

CHLORINE

Component of CFC’s that causes destruction of 100,000 molecules ozone

FORMALDEHYDE

It is used as a bonding agent in building and furniture construction which may cause drowsiness, nausea and headaches when exposed to low level concentration

Leachate

The liquid produced when water perculates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both, anoxic, acidic, rich in organic acid groups, sulfate ions and with hihg concentration of common metal ions especially iron

PVC

Recyclable Material Labelled as 3

composting

It is defined as the controlled decomposition of organic materials, such as leaves, grass, and food scraps

Tertiary

This is the type of recycling that involves recovery of chemicals and energy from post consumer

RA 9003

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 is otherwise known as ________________.

forestry projects

Which of the following is not classified as a heavy industry in the list of environmentally critical projects?

RA - REPUBLIC ACT

• A piece of legislation used to create a policy in order to carry out the principles of the constitution

• Crafted and passed by the congress of the Philippines and approved by the President of the Philippines

PD - Presidential Decree

an innovation made by President FEM with the proclamtion of Martial Law

EO - Executive Order

acts of the President providing for rules of a general or permanent character in implementation or execution of constitutional or statutory powers

DAO - DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

enforceable order issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to the public to take certain corrective action or to refrain from any activity

CCO - CHEMICAL CONTROL ORDER

laws that are meant to control and regulate the use and disposal of asbestos into the environment to avoid the adverse consequences

IRR - IMPLEMENTING RULES & RRGULATIONS

- very specific policies and often address highly technical details of legislation.

- facilitate the implementation of a legislation

RA NO. 3931

•An act creating the National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission (NWAPCC)

• July 10, 1967

PD 1251

Imposing a fee on Operating Mining Companies to be known as Mine Wastes and Tailing Fee to compensate for Damages to Private landowners and for other purposes

PD 1151

Philippine Environmental Policy

Defines the general policies on the pursuit of a better quality of life for the present and future generations

It mandates the undertaking of EIA for all projects which may significantly affect the environment

June 6, 1977

PD 1152

PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL CODE

It defined the objectives of the policy and strategies for various aspect of environmental management, such as air, water quality, natural resource development, land and waste management

It tells about how to implement /enforce PD 1151

PD 984

POLLUTION CONTROL LAW - AUGUST 8, 1976

It seeks to prevent , abate, and control pollution of water, air, and land for a more effective utilization of the resources of the country

RA 6969

•An act to control toxic substances, hazardous, and nuclear wastes

•This Act shall cover the importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemical substances and mixtures in the Philippines, including the entry, even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for whatever purpose

DENR Administrative Order 29 series of 1992 (DAO 92-29)

•IRR of RA 6969

•regulate the importation, manufacture, processing, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the environment

Republic Act 8749

•Clean Air Act of 1999

Provides for a comprehensive air pollution control policy

•Stipulates the development of an integrated air quality improvement framework, standards on ambient air quality from mobile and stationary sources and mitigation of all sources of air pollution

PD 953 & 1153

•Laws penalizing illegal cutting of trees

•PD 953 – planting of trees on certain areas and restriction of illegal logging

•PD 1153 – requires all citizen to PLANT A TREE PER MONTH FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE YEARS

PD 953

planting of trees on certain areas and restriction of illegal logging

PD 1153

requires all citizen to PLANT A TREE PER MONTH FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE YEARS

RA 9275

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (PCWA)

An act providing for a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes

RA 7586 – National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (NIPAS)

Set forth in detail the processes by which DENR and other concerned institutions and agencies will establish and manage the NIPAS

DAO 2019 – 05 & DAO 1992 – 25 (IRRs of RA 7586)

RA 7942

•Philippine Mining Act of 1995

•An act instituting a new system of mineral resources exploitation, development, utilization and conservation

•DAO 2010 – 21 (Revised IRR)

–All mineral resources in public and private lands within the territory and exclusive economic zone of the Republic of the Philippines are owned by the State. It shall be the responsibility of the State to promote their rational exploration, development, utilization and conservation through the combined efforts of the Government and private sector in order to enhance national growth in a way that effectively safeguards the environment and protects the rights of affected communities.

RA 9175 CHAINSAW LAW

Regulates ownership, possession, sale, importation and use of chainsaw

Chainsaw must be registered before using

RA 1586 EIA (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT)

before undertaking environmentally critical projects or operating in environmentally critical areas, ensuring environmental protection alongside socio-economic development.

RA 1067 - PHILIPPINE WATER CODE

This decree provides a comprehensive framework for the management of all water resources in the Philippines, including their conservation and protection.

RA 8749

Republic Act in the Philippines that converts the Cawayanan High School in Tubigon, Bohol, into a national high school, renaming it the Cawayanan National High School.

RA 856

refers to the Republic Act No. 856, an act amending the Private Employment Agency Law to provide added protection to applicants for employment, not the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines, which is P.D. 856. The Philippine government has also proposed legislation to amend P.D. 856, also known as the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines, to strengthen sanitation laws. 

TROPHOSPHERE

1ST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE

CLOSEST TO EARTH, WHERE WEATHER OCCURS

STRATOSPHERE

2ND LAYER OF ATM

CONTAINS OZONE LAYER