U5 #2 Vocab

Psychological disorder

A disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives.

Medical model

The concept that diseases, in this case, psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured.

Diathesis-stress model

The concept that genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorder.

Epigenetics

The study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression without a DNA change.

DSM-5-TR

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Anxiety disorders

A group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related maladaptive behaviors.

Social anxiety disorder

Intense fear and avoidance of social situations.

Generalized anxiety disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread accompanied by terror and other frightening sensations.

Agoraphobia

Fear or avoidance of situations where one may experience a loss of control and panic.

Specific phobia

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).

Hoarding disorder

A persistent difficulty parting with possessions, regardless of their value.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, and other symptoms that linger after a traumatic experience.

Depressive disorders

A group of disorders characterized by enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood that affects a person’s ability to function.

Bipolar disorders

A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the phases of depression and mania.

Major depressive disorder

A disorder in which a person experiences five or more depressive symptoms lasting two or more weeks.

Persistent depressive disorder

A disorder where people experience a depressed mood for more days than not for at least two years.

Bipolar I disorder

The most severe form of bipolar disorder, characterized by a euphoric, talkative, and overly ambitious state.

Mania

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.

Bipolar II disorder

A less severe form of bipolar in which people move between depression and a milder form of mania.

Rumination

Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A group of disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive disruptions.

Psychotic disorders

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.

Delusion

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Chronic schizophrenia

A form of schizophrenia where symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood.

Acute schizophrenia

A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age and often occurs in response to a traumatic event.

Dissociative disorders

A group of rare disorders characterized by a disruption of normal consciousness, memory, or identity.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.

Dissociative amnesia

A disorder where people experience memory gaps related to trauma.

Personality disorders

A group of disorders characterized by enduring behavior patterns that differ from cultural norms and cause distress.

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder where a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing.

Feeding and eating disorders

A group of disorders characterized by altered consumption of food and impaired health or psychological functioning.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder involving binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss behaviors.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Central nervous system abnormalities that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A disorder marked by limitations in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.