Revolutions - myp4

enlightenment, american revolution, french revolution

years of enlightenment

late 17th - 18th century

which period was between the renaissance and enlightenment?

scientific revolution

what was the main motto of the scientific revolution?

the world works due to natural laws, not gods laws

influential scientist during the scientific revolution

Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Copernicus

one thing that stayed the same during both the middle ages and enlightenment

there were strong kingdoms

rationality/experience
secularism
natural law
individualism
urbanism
industrialism
free trade
progress

period of enlightenment

urbanism

more infrastructure for housing and services

an increasing prevalation of industries

industrialism

natural law

nature goes by its own laws and is not governed by god

dogmatism
superstition
strict moral principles
obedience
divine right
serfdom
agriculture

middle ages

divine right

god chooses roles in society

who was John Locke?

British philosopher who believed in the toleration of different religions and didn't believe in divine right

John Locke's contribution to child psychology

TABULA RASA- a child has an empty mind and everything it learns is learnt by experience

what was Montesquieu 's contribution ?

division of power

legislative power

parliament/congress is elected and makes or changes laws

executive power

ministers + prime minister/senate that enforce laws and are responsible for the government

judicial power

the courts

centers of enlightenment

Vienna, Paris, London, Berlin, Boston, Philadelphia

are civil liberties a consequences of enlightenment?

true

-reason over belief
-more experience (trade, spread of languages, criticism of ideas)
-political & social change

legacy of enlightenment

years of American revolution

1775 - 1783

how many colonies were there in America?

13

income of the colonies in the south

plantations

income of the colonies in the east

fishing, industry, whales, rum, lumber

false

the colonies could trade with everyone

true or false?

why were the colonies unhappy?

no representation in the government of the mother country

what was the first colony and when was it established

Virginia, 1607

impact of French & Indian war

huge war expenses which were expected to be payed by the colonists in the form of taxes

year of French & Indian war

1754 - 1763

the stamp act

all papers had to have the British stamp, taxation of tea and sugar

year of Boston tea party

1773

what is the origin of the Boston tea party's name?

threw tea into the ocean

motto of American colonists

no taxation without representation

the foundation of the American parliament

Continental congress 1774/5

who were the patriots?

wanted to be separate from Britain, fought in the American army and organized boycotts and protests

people who worked for the king or benefitted for the status quo, some went back to Britain and some fought in the British army

the loyalists

what year was the declaration of independence signed?

1776

the person who signed the declaration of independence

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

first Us president, elected in 1789

1781

victory of American and French forces over the English

outcome of american revolution

boost of economy,, beginning of capitalism, spread of revolutionary ideas, causes French revolution

year of US constitution

1788

the federal system

-three branches of government
-one president
-each state has its own government

10 amendments protecting the basic rights of citizens

the Bill of rights

conservative side in US government

federalists - later republicans

liberals in US government

anti- federalists - later Democrats

in total how many amendments are there?

27

the French were a developed society

true or false?

true, they had culture and participated in trade

bourgeoisie

merchants, bankers, intelectuals

what was the ruling dynasty in France?

Bourbon dynasty

Marquis la Fayette

French general who supported ideas of enlightenment

causes of French revolution

-ideas of enlightenment
-American revolution
-non-functional absolute monarchy
-weak regime of Louise XVI
-poor people
-lack of food
-French people are violent because they are stupid and illiterate

third estate

bourgeoisie , 80% of population

first estate

clergy, 1% of population

second estate

nobility, 2% of population

who created the national assembly?

third estate

which events happened in 1789

1st - reconsignment of ESTATE GENERAL
2nd- formation of NATIONAL ASSEMBLY + TENNIS COURT OATH
3rd- STORMING OF BASTILLE
4th- NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

tennis court oath

a promise to create a new constitution

symbols of French revolution

- liberte, eglie, fratenite
- cockarde
-tricolor flag
- new French anthem

what year was the first french constitution created

1791

an election based on wealth, status and education

census election

what were the three parties in the legislative assembly?

opportunists, conservatives, radicals

what happened after the royal family tried to escape?

they were discovered, children went into families, king + queen jailed for 1.5 years

national assembly becomes ...

National Convention

who holds majority in national convention?

the Jacobine club

what year was the french republic declared

1792

who was prime minister in 1792

Maximilien Robespierre``````````````````````````````````

year of execution of the king

1793

reign of terror

the period of Robespierre's rule

cult of reason

the religion of Robespierre

who was part of the coalition against france?

Prussia, Russia, Austria (Habsburgs) , UK, Spain, Italy

which new things did Robespierre introduce?

Committee of public safety
committee of general safety
new calendar
new religion

how was the reign of terror ended?

with coup of 9thermidore, Robespierre executed without trial

what came after the reign of terror?

the directory

who ended the directory

Napoleon Bonaparte

legacy of the french revolution

civic society
dictatorship
spreading of liberal ideas

declaration of the rights of man

1789

coup de Brumaire

coup by NB to end the directory

what government system did NB establish in 1799

the three consuls

which countries were against NB in 1799

austria, russia UK

what year was the Napoleonic code established

1804

when did NB crown himself emperor

1804

what was napoleons school system for?

creation of loyal government officials & tax collectors

which colony does the US buy from France

Louisiana

who won in the battle of Trafalgar (1805)

the UK - admiral Nelson

who did NB conquer by 1805

Spain, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Sweden

what was the continental system?

a naval blockade that stopped trade between the British and everyone else

what happened in Russia in 1812

the Russians used the burn and run technique that led to most of NB's army dyeing

which battle happened during 1813 that NB lost

battle of Liepzing

Alba

island that NB first got exiled to

Napoleon's last battle

battle of Waterloo 1815

where did NB die?

Island of St. Helena

what are the dates of the Vienna Congress

Nov 1814 - June 1815

what iss the Congress of Vienna's nickname?

the congress that did not move, it danced

Clemens von Metternich

leader of the Congress of Vienna

who were the most influential country at the Congress of Vienna

GB, Russia, Prussia, Austria

who replaced NB in France

Louis the XVIII