Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

This set of flashcards covers key concepts surrounding gene mutations, their effects on DNA, and the consequences for gene expression and disease.

What is meant by 'random' mutation?

Mutations happen without regard to their phenotypic effects.

What are the different types of mutations?

Substitution, Insertion, Deletion, Rearrangement.

Why do transitions and transversions happen at different rates?

Transitions and transversions occur at different rates due to their molecular properties and the nature of DNA replication.

What causes mutations to occur?

Mutations can be spontaneous events, caused by chemical mutagens, or be the result of radiation exposure.

What is the relationship between DNA double strand break repair and meiotic recombination?

DNA double strand break repair is closely related to meiotic recombination.

What is the primary result of mutations?

Mutations are the source of all genetic variation.

What does the Luria & Delbrück’s Fluctuation Test demonstrate?

It shows that mutations for phage resistance were present prior to exposure to the phage.

What types of mutations can affect gene expression?

Mutations can occur in coding sequences, promoters, and splice sites, affecting when, where, and how genes are expressed.

How can mutations in DNA repair genes lead to disease?

Mutations in DNA repair genes can increase the risk of cancer and other disorders.

What is the significance of the p53 gene in relation to DNA damage?

p53 induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage, thus helping prevent the propagation of damaged cells.