Understanding Endosymbiosis and Eukaryotic Organelles

Endosymbiosis

Symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another.

Endosymbiont

Cell engulfed by another in endosymbiosis.

Host Cell

Cell that engulfs another cell.

Mitochondrion

Double membrane-bound organelle for aerobic respiration.

Chloroplast

Double membrane organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

Euglena

Organism with chloroplasts surrounded by three membranes. Example of secondary endosymbiosis

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Evidence of a second engulfing event in evolution.

Ribosomes

Cellular machinery that synthesizes proteins.

Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus.

Asexual Reproduction

Binary fission

Sexual Reproduction

Mixes genetic material from two parents.

Electron Transport Chain

Process in mitochondria for ATP production.

Cell Size

Prokaryotes: 1-10 ; Eukaryotes: 50-500

Timeline of Emergence

Evolutionary timeline

Photosynthetic Bacteria

Early organisms capable of photosynthesis.

Anaerobic Bacteria

Bacteria that do not require oxygen.

Aerobic Bacteria

Bacteria that require oxygen for survival.

Chlorophyll

Pigment in chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Double Membrane

Two layers surrounding organelles.

Genetic Material

DNA that carries information.