Amount of substances

Define RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS & RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS:

The average mass of an atom, compared to 1/12th of the mass of a Carbon 12 atom.

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule, compared to 1/12th of the mass of a Carbon 12 atom.

What is AVOGADROS CONSTANT [2]?

The number of particles/electrons/atoms/molecules/ions in 1mol.

6.022×10²³

Define the EMPIRICAL & MOLECULAR FORMULA:

• Empirical: the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

• Molecular: the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound.

What is the IDEAL GAS EQUATION?

pV = nRT

What is the PERCENTAGE YIELD equation?

actual / theoretical yield

What is ATOM ECONOMY? And its equation?

How much reactants actually end up in the desired product.

(molecular mass of desired product) / (sum of the masses of all reactants)

How does ATOM ECONOMY help us economically [4], environmentally [3] and ethically [3]?

• Economically

Less waste. Money is saved on raw materials. Disposal costs are lower. Less energy is used so its cheaper.

• Environmental

Less energy is used lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Less waste in landfills. Saves natural raw materials.

• Ethical

Less pollution. Less waste. Protects workers from harmful chemicals.