Lipids

not finished

Where do lipophilic compounds occur?

in living organisims

What kind of number carbons natural long-chain carboxylic acids typically have?

Even

What is carboxylic acid chain called, when it has no double bonds?

Saturated fatty acid

What happens to the melting point of fatty acid molecule, when the amount of carbons on chain increases?

The melting point increases

What is fatty acid called, when it has one double bond on the chain?

Unsaturated fatty acid

What is fatty acid called when it has two or more double bonds on the chain?

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

How does double bonds affect fatty acids structure and melting point?

They bend the structure and decrease the melting point

what kind of olefins natural unsaturated fatty acid have?

cis-olefins

What are Waxes?

They are esters of fatty acids (long-chain alcohol), which are highly lipophilic

What is simple triclyeride?

A molecule, which has three identical fatty acids

What kind of biological role triglycerides have?

They are major energy storage of molecules and work as building blocks for amphiphiles

How are unsaturated fatty acids named by their form on room temperature?

If they are solid, then they are called fats

if they are liquid, then they are oils

Why does fatty acids have different melting points?

Because cis-olefin causes a bend in the lipophilic tail, which prevents molecules packing densely leading to less attractive intermolecular interactions

What is trans-fat?

Trans-fat is fatty acid, which has trans-olefins

How does industrial trans-fats differ from natural ones?

The industrial ones are made by hydrogenation of fatty acid with nickel as catalyst

How to create soap from fatty acid?

By going through basic hydrolysis

Are soaps amplifies?

yes

What does soap consits of?

It consits of head group with high affinity to polar species and lilophilic tail which is highly hydrophobic

How to create firm soaps?

By using NaOH in hydrolysis.

How to create soft/liquid soaps?

By using KOH in hydrolysis.

What is phospholipid?

It’s triglyceride with phosphate as a head group

What are phospholipids key building blocks of?

lipid bilayer membranse

Why soap molecules form micelles?

Because micelles trap dirt and grease, thus helping removing them

What kind of structure do phospholipids form to be used in cell wall membranes?

Extended sheets

What is terpenes?

A chain of isopropyl alchols

What part does terpenes play in archaea

Archaea cell wall membranes contain terpenes, which works like a backbone

What do other lipids bring to extended phospholipid sheets?

They bring stability, permeability and fluidity

What kind of head group sphongolipids usually have?

Ethanolammonium, phosphate or carbohydrate ones

What part does cholesterol play?

its crucial building block of cell walls, bile acids and core structure of steroidal hormones

What does cholesterol play in bloodstream

They transfer lipoproteins

What Sphingolipids do?

They work as cell membranes modifiers

Where is lipophilic compounds soluble?

In non-polar solvents