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Organic Molecules
Large molecules made of monomer subunits found in living organisms.
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars that serve as the monomer units for carbohydrates, typically containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
Disaccharides
Carbohydrates formed by the union of two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.
Oligosaccharides
Carbohydrates composed of 2 to 12 monosaccharide units joined by dehydration synthesis.
Polysaccharides
Large carbohydrates made of more than 12 monosaccharide units, often used for energy storage or structural support.
Glycogen
A polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in animals.
Starch
A polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in plants.
Cellulose
A polysaccharide that provides structural support in plant cell walls and is indigestible by humans.
Proteins
Molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, composed of amino acids.
Amino Acids
The building blocks of proteins, there are 20 different types that can combine in various ways.
Peptide Bonds
The covalent bonds that link amino acids together in a protein.
Polypeptide
A chain of 3 to 100 amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Protein
A complex molecule made of more than 100 amino acids, with a specific structure and function.
Enzymes
Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, often named with the suffix -ase.
Heat Shock Chaperones
Proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins within the cell.
Primary Protein Structure
The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Secondary Protein Structure
The local folded structures that form within a protein due to hydrogen bonding.
Tertiary Protein Structure
The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain.
Quaternary Protein Structure
The structure formed when two or more polypeptide chains assemble into a functional protein.
Ribbon Diagrams
A visual representation of protein structure that shows the arrangement of secondary structures.
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