Late Medieval Period

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Late Medieval Period, focusing on the emergence of nation-states and significant events.

What battle did William the Conqueror win in 1066?

Battle of Hastings.

What legal system did Henry II establish in England?

Common Law.

What document did King John sign to limit the power of the monarchy?

Magna Carta.

Who unified England after the War of the Roses?

Henry VII.

What significant legislative development occurred in England during the Late Medieval Period?

Evolution of Parliament.

Who established the French throne in Paris?

Hugh Capet.

Which French kings established a strong central government?

Philip II and Philip IV.

Who was the French king that established military and taxes?

Charles VII.

Which historical figure became a unifying factor for France during the Hundred Years' War?

Joan of Arc.

Who were responsible for unifying Spain during the Late Medieval Period?

Ferdinand and Isabella.

What was the purpose of the Inquisition during the Reconquista in Spain?

To expel Jews and Muslims.

What was the political situation in Germany during the Late Medieval Period?

German princes remained stronger than the king, preventing unification.

What title did Ivan the Great hold as he centralized power in Moscow?

Tsar (Czar).

What was the impact of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Russia's unification?

It influenced the centralization of power.

What led to the emergence of a new sense of nationalism in England and France?

The Hundred Years' War.

What military technology changed the dynamics of battles in England?

Longbows.

What was one of the major outcomes of Joan of Arc's involvement in the Hundred Years' War?

She turned the war in France’s favor.

How did the Mongols impact Russia during the Late Medieval Period?

They established the Khanate of the Golden Horde.

What empire did the Ottoman Turks create after ending the Byzantine Empire?

Ottoman Empire.

Who were often the only literate members of society during the Late Medieval Period?

Clergy.

What did scholars do to make new knowledge available in Western Europe?

Translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin.

What architectural style is associated with the Late Medieval Period?

Gothic Cathedral.

What did Pope Urban call for during the Crusades?

1st Crusade.

What was a significant event that occurred in the 1st Crusade?

Jerusalem was captured.

What was established as a result of the 1st Crusade?

Crusader States.

Who recaptured Jerusalem, leading to significant conflict?

Saladin.

What city was sacked by Western Crusaders?

Constantinople.

What were some effects of the Crusades on power dynamics in Europe?

Weakened Pope and Nobles; strengthened kings.

What disease, also known as the Bubonic Plague, spread along trade routes?

The Black Death.

What were the effects of the Bubonic Plague on Europe?

Decline of population, scarcity of labor, towns freed from feudal obligation, decline of Church influence, disruption of trade.