Animal Behavior Exam 2 Terminology

studied byStudied by 3 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Migration

1 / 60

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

61 Terms

1

Migration

the movement of organisms over long distances; the seasonal movement of animals from one region to another

New cards
2

Orientation

an organisms preferred direction of movement

New cards
3

Navigation

use of cues for directions during migration

New cards
4

Stopover

a resting/refueling site visited during migration

New cards
5

Dispersal

movement of individuals from one location to another

New cards
6

Emigration

out of subpopulation

New cards
7

Immigration

into a subpopulation

New cards
8

Active dispersal

mobile organisms (walking, flying, swimming, etc)

New cards
9

Passive dispersal

dispersal with the aid of another organism (seen in mostly stationary organisms, insects, aquatic invertebrates and larvae

New cards
10

Dispersal agent

mobile organism or another environmental feature (wind and water currents) that facilitates passive dispersal of another organism

New cards
11

Assisted dispersal

human activity expands the range of a species (intentionally or unintentionally

New cards
12

Learning

context-specific change in capacity for behavior as a result of stored information from previous experience

New cards
13

Filtration

separate useful information from unnecessary information

New cards
14

Focused learning

information with critical immediate survival value (burned into memory)

New cards
15

Generalized learning

conditions future behavior, problem solving

New cards
16

Short-term learning

memory stored and available for a short-time (seconds to minutes, 6-7 bits)

New cards
17

Long-term learning

memory stored over an extended time (week to months)

New cards
18

Long-lasting learning

memory stored for months → lifetime and triggered by strength of stimuli and association

New cards
19

Habituation

learned reduction in response to a stimulus that has proven repeatedly to be harmless

New cards
20

Sensitization

increase in responsiveness to a stimulus due to experience with that stimulus

New cards
21

Associative learning

learned association between 2 events where certain conditions are associated with certain outcomes

New cards
22

Classical conditioning

animal associates a relevant stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) with an irrelevant stimulus (conditioned stimulus) to generate a conditioned response

New cards
23

Reinforcement

increases likelihood of the behavior being repeated

New cards
24

Punishment

decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated

New cards
25

Learning Curve

Quantifications of a rate of learning from a particular stimuli (Hermann Ebbinghaus 1885) a visualization of
learning w/time trials on x-axis & learning performance on y axis.


<p><span>Quantifications of a rate of learning from a particular stimuli (Hermann Ebbinghaus 1885) a visualization of</span><br><span>learning w/time trials on x-axis &amp; learning performance on y axis.</span><br></p><p><br></p>
New cards
26

Forgetting

loss of learning/memory due to failure to reinforce a memory

New cards
27

Extinction learning

gradual decrease in response to a conditioned stimulus when the stimulus is presented without reinforcement

New cards
28

Cognition

ability of an animal to separate itself from the moment, contemplate the past and the future, and adjust present actions

New cards
29

Insight learning

sudden realization of the solution of any problem without repeated trials or continuous practices

New cards
30

Mental time travel

thinking about the past and using that information to inform future plans/actions

New cards
31

Play

engagement of an animal in seemingly purposeless activity that has no immediate apparent survival value

New cards
32

Object play

inanimate objects

New cards
33

Locomotor play

Vertical leaps, bucks, somersaults, handstands, etc.

Functions: motor skill development, endurance and strength (muscle fiber development), cerebellum synapse develop (limb coordination, movement)

New cards
34

Social play

forging social bonds (social cohesion), fine-tuning motor skills, and development of cognitive skills

New cards
35

Aggression

behavior that appears to be intended to inflict noxious stimulation or destruction on another organism

New cards
36

Agonism

conflict between conspecifics (threats, submission, chase, combat)

New cards
37

War of attrition

display aggressively but not actually fight

New cards
38

Sequential aggression

series of “bouts”- continual assessment (sampling), sequential increase of aggression

New cards
39

Winner effect

winning past aggressive interaction increases probability of future wins

New cards
40

Loser effect

losing past aggressive interactions increases probability of future losses

New cards
41

Bystander effect

“eavesdropper” individual observes an aggressive interaction among others and changes assessment of those observed. (key to dominancy hierarchy dynamics)

New cards
42

Audience effect

individuals engaged in aggressive interactions change behavior if watched

New cards
43

Siblicide

killing of a sibling

goal: secure greater resources (via parental care) ***

New cards
44

Personality

inter-individual variation in behavioral traits

New cards
45

Communication

transfer of information by a signaler to a recipient (often eliciting a behavioral change)

New cards
46

Signal

any act or structure which carries a specific meaning and alters the behavior or other organisms- evolved specifically for communication

New cards
47

Co-opting

evolution of something the animal already does or has for use in communication

New cards
48

Ritualization

association through evolution of a meaning with a signal

New cards
49

Stereotypy

selection over time favors reduction in variation in the signal (meaning of signal clearly communicated)

New cards
50

Redundancy

>1 signal, offered in different modes to communicate same message (multi-modal)

New cards
51

Honest signaling

information being sent and received is true (mutual interest/benefit in result among sender and receiver)

New cards
52

Dishonest signaling

information being sent and received is false (one organisms exploits another-sends inaccurate signal) to improve fitness)

New cards
53

Cultural transmission

transfer of information from individual to individual through social learning or teaching individual’s phenotype

New cards
54

Social learning

learning facilitated by observation of/or interaction with another individual or its products

New cards
55

Teaching

learning in which one individual instructs and at least one other individual is a student

New cards
56

Vertical cultural transmission

information is transmitted across generations from parents to offspring

New cards
57

Oblique cultural transmission

transfer of information across generations (not parent to offspring)

New cards
58

Horizontal cultural transmission

transmission of information among individuals of the same age group (peers)

New cards
59

Imitation

acquisition of topographically novel response through observation of a demonstrator

New cards
60

Copying

observer repeats what a model does, but does not need to be novel nor involve learning (something already learned)

New cards
61

Tradition

when a new preference emerges and becomes commonplace within a group

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 37 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 43 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 455 people
... ago
5.0(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (122)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (105)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (76)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (51)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (77)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (162)
studied byStudied by 42 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot