NUR 1118 Medical Terminology Definitions

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Nursing

100 Terms

1

Adventitious sounds

Abnormal sounds

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2

Aerobic

Uses or requires oxygen

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3

Afebrile

without fever

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4

Alopecia

baldness or hair loss

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5

Anaerobic

does not use or require oxygen

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6

Anesthesia

loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness

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7

Antipyretics

Drugs that reduce fever

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8

Anthropometry

the science dealing with the measurement of the human body to determine differences in individuals or groups

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9

Aphasia

loss of speech due to injury or illness

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10

Atherosclerosis

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries

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11

Auscultation

listening to sounds within the body (usually with a stethoscope)

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12

Bradycardia

abnormally slow heartbeat

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13

Bruit

An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ.

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14

Cholecystitis

inflammation of the gall bladder

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15

Cirrhosis

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver, chronic disease charaterized by degeneration of liver tissue most oftern caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

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16

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye

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17

Cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

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18

Cytolysis

the bursting of a cell

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19

Dermis

Second (middle) layer of skin, holding blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles

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20

Dementia

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes

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21

Diaphoresis

profuse sweating

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22

Distention

the act of expanding by pressure from within

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23

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

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24

Dysrhythmia

abnormal heart rhythm/brain waves

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25

Edentulous

without teeth

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26

Edema

swelling caused by excess fluid in the body tissues

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27

Essential amino acids

Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eatin in foods

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28

Epidermis

outer layer of skin

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29

Erythema

redness of the skin / inflamation

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30

Eupnea

normal breathing - quiet breathing 12-20/min

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31

Exostosis

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone

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32

Febrile

fever, having a fever - elevated body temp

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33

Gag Reflex

normal reflex consisting of retching - touching soft palet or posterior pharynx

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34

Geriatric

branch of medicine pertaining to the elderly

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35

Gerontology

the study of aging and the elderly process

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36

Halitosis

bad breath

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37

Hemorrhoids

Swollen, painful rectal veins; often a result of constipation

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38

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

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39

Hernia

rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes

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40

Hirsutism

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women - masculine distribution pattern

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41

Hydrocephalus

an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain

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42

Hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body

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43

Hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

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44

Hypersomnolence

Excessive sleepiness.

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45

Hypertension

high blood pressure

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46

Hyperthermia

high body temperature

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47

Hypoxia

Lack of oxygen, deficiency of oxygen in tissues

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48

Hypothermia

Abnormally low body temperature - below 95

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49

Indurated

hardened

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50

Inspection

a visual examination

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51

Integument

Skin or covering

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52

Jaundice

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood

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53

Ketoacidosis

presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation

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54

Kyphosis

exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback)

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55

Leukocytosis

abnormal increase of white blood cells, abnormally large increase in the number of white blood cells

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56

Leukoplakia

white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek - slightly raised

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57

Lithotomy

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder - stirrup position

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58

Lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

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59

Malabsorption

abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract

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60

Melanoma

Skin cancer

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61

Menopause

the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends

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62

Metabolism

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life - distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion

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63

Metacarpal

any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers - middle part of the hand - I-V

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64

Murmurs

sounds created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart, abnormal heart sounds - gentle blowing, fluttering or humming sound.

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65

Natural Immunity

An individual's own genetic ability to fight off disease

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66

Nosocomial

hospital acquired infection

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67

Necrotic

dead or dying tissue - in response to disease or injury

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68

Normal floras

Microorganisms including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi that are found on or in specific areas of the body.- to compete w/ disease producing microorganisms & provide natural immunity against certain infections.

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69

Nystagmus

involuntary, rapid movement of eyeball

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70

Orthopneic

Sitting upright, bending over resting elbows on table. Very helpful with breathing problems - body position that helps pt breathe comfortably.

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71

Palate

The roof of the mouth - (uraniscus) between oral/nasal cavities

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72

Palpation

to examine by touch

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73

Passive Immunity

short term immunity in which antibodies against a disease are acquired naturally (as through the placenta to an unborn child) or artificially (as by injection of antiserum) - not perm & not as long as active immunity.

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74

Pathogen

A microorganism capable of producing disease

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75

Perfusion

pumping a liquid into an organ or tissue (especially by way of blood vessels) - meds for isolated part of body is introduced via the blood stream.

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76

Peristalsis

the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

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77

Peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)- most commonly by rupture of appendix.

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78

Petechiae

Small, pinpoint, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin which are flush with surface

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79

Pulse deficit

the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates

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80

Pigmentation

coloration of the skin

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81

Polyps

Tumors that grow on skin, resembling mushrooms. which bleed easily, and some have the tendency to become malignant.

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82

Posterior

Towards the back

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83

Presbycusis

hearing loss due to aging

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84

Presbyopia

farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age - cannot see close up

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85

Prognosis

a prediction of the course of a disease

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86

Prominences

projections or protrusions

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87

Purulent

producing or containing pus

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88

Sanguineous

bloody

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89

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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90

Serous

Having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid (serum)

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91

Septicemia

blood poisoning

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92

Sims

lying on L side, w top leg flexed & placed in front of other leg. rectal or vagina exam

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93

Stenosis

abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway in a body structure

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94

Striae

stretch marks

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95

Syncope

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum - caused by transient cerebral hypoxia

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96

Tachycardia

rapid heart rate - >100/min

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97

Turgor

Elasticity of the skin

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98

Varicosities

abnormal dilations of a vein or group of veins. - (varicose vein)

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99

Ventilation

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation - the molecular exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide w/in body's tissues.

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100

Virulence

extreme harmfulness (as the capacity of a microorganism to cause disease)

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