Module 2 - Strings and Lists, Conditionals and Loops

pop()

Removes and returns the element at the end of a list (or specific index)

Mutator methods

Methods that change the state of an object and usually return None

Modulo operator %

Returns the remainder of standard division between two numbers

abs()

Takes a number as input and returns its absolute value

While Loop

Conditional iteration that repeats statements as long as a condition remains true

Infinite Loop

A loop where the continuation condition never becomes false causing it to run forever

break statement

Command that causes an immediate exit from a loop body

continue statement

Command that skips the rest of the current iteration and jumps to the next one

random.randint(a b)

Function returning a random integer in the closed interval between a and b

Definite Iteration

Process of repeating an action a predefined number of times

For Loop

Control statement used to iterate over a sequence of elements

ord()

Function that returns the integer Unicode code point for a given character

chr()

Function that converts an integer code point into its corresponding character

range(stop)

Generates a sequence of numbers from 0 up to but not including the stop value

range(start stop step)

Generates a sequence from start to stop (exclusive) incrementing by step

Off-by-one error

Logic error where a loop iterates one time too many or too few

List

Ordered and changeable collection of elements accessible by index

Index

Integer position of an item in a sequence starting at 0

len()

Function that returns the number of items in a container like a list or string

append()

List method that adds a single element to the end of the list

extend()

List method that adds elements from an iterable to the end of the current list

insert(index element)

List method that places an element at a specific position

pop()

List method that removes and returns the element at a specific index

Mutator method

Method that modifies the internal state of an object and usually returns None

Modulo (%)

Operator that returns the remainder of a division operation

Immutable Object

Object type that cannot be modified after creation such as int or string

Method

Function associated with an object called using dot notation

Slicing

Extracting a portion of a sequence using start stop and step values

Negative Indexing

Accessing elements from the end of a sequence starting with -1

enumerate()

Function returning pairs containing a count and the value from an iterable