Patho Exam 1

Pathophysiology

Study of functional changes in the body caused by injury, disorder, or disease

Disease

Functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems

Includes: injuries, disorders, illnesses, syndromes

Pathogenesis

Origination and development of illness or disease

• from point at which disease process begins

• to point when disease prevents itself

• risk factors (modifiable vs non-modifiable)

Goal of study is to prevent disease or facilitate early diagnosis and intervention

Etiology

Precise cause of disease

Pathogen

Disease causing microorganism

Multifactorial

Having more than one cause

Idiopathic

No known cause

Nosocomial

Caused by an infection received in a healthcare environment

Iatrogenic

Caused inadvertently by medical treatment

Clinical manifestations

Presenting signs and symptoms of disease

Sign

Something that the provider can see on a patient

Symptom

Something that the patient feels and tells the provider

Subacute

Acute

Chronic

Remissions

Symptoms and signs getting better

Exacerbations

Worsening of signs or symptoms

Asymptomatic

No symptoms

Diagnosis

A label for a disease and is based on diagnostic criteria

Prognosis

Prediction of how one will process through the disease process. Morbidity vs mortality.

Mortality

Occurrence of death in a population

Morbidity

The state of being diseased or unhealthy

Individual health

Focuses on the whol person and the person’s perception of health and illness

Health

Perceived wholeness of body, mind, and spirit

Illness

A state of resulting in suffering or distress (unhealthy or deseased)

Incidence

Number of new cases in a population

Prevalence

Percentage of a population with a disease

Endemic

An expected disease in a population

Epidemic

Rates of a disease higher than expected

Pandemic

An epidemic spread across continents

Primary prevention

Prevention of a disease from occurring

Secondary prevention

Early detection of a disease by screening

Tertiary prevention

Rehabilitation of a patient to prevent complications or progression of disease

Evidence based practice

A way of caring for others that is cognizant of the most current research and knowledge in the health professions