Introduction to Data Science and Artificial Intelligence

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and examples related to data science and artificial intelligence as discussed in the lecture.

Agent

An entity that perceives through sensors and acts through effectors.

Rational Agent

An agent that takes actions that maximize the expected value of an objective performance measure given the percept sequence.

Percept

The input received by the agent through its sensors.

Effector

The means by which an agent acts upon its environment.

Environment

The external context within which the agent operates.

Utility-Based Agent

An agent that selects actions based on a utility function to achieve the best outcome.

Problem Formulation

The process of defining how the agent should perceive its environment and the goals it should aim to achieve.

Goal-Based Agent

An agent that acts to achieve specific goals based on its current state.

Action Execution

The step in the problem-solving process where the agent performs the selected action.

Episodic Environment

An environment where each action is independent of previous actions and experiences.

Deterministic Environment

An environment where the next state is completely determined by the current state and the action taken.

Static Environment

An environment that does not change while an agent is deliberating.

Search Cost

The cost associated with finding a solution, including computation time and memory resources.

Well-Defined Problem

A problem characterized by a clear initial state, action set, state space, and goal test.

Utility

A measure of how happy or satisfied an agent is with a certain state.

Reflex Agent

An agent that selects actions based solely on the current percept.

Single-State Problem

A problem where the solution involves determining a single state from a given initial state.

Optimal Solution

The best solution according to a defined cost function, often requiring longer search time.

8-Puzzle

A problem involving the movement of tiles on a board to achieve a goal state.

Traveling Salesperson Problem

A problem of finding the shortest route that visits a set of cities exactly once.