abnormal psych exam 3

bulimia nervosa

recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory actions: vomiting, exercise, laxatives

anorexia nervosa

recurrent food refusal leading to dangerously low body weight

binge eating disorder

binging that is not followed by purging

obesity

bmi>30

medical factors of bulimia

salivary gland enlargement, erode dental enamel, tear esophagus, chemical imbalance of bodily fluids, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, kidney failure, intestinal problems, colon damage

hypothalamus

plays big role in eating disorders

chemical imbalances that play a role in eating disorders

norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

drug treatment for EDs usually target serotonin

is drug treatment effective for anorexia?

no

can antidepressants help treat bulimia?

yes, but not long term and works best paired with psychological treatment

Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT-E) bulimia

educate, plan frequent small meals throughout the day, alter negative body thoughts, coping strategies

binge eating disorder treatment

drug and cbt are equally effective, self help programs can also be effective

anorexia treatment

gain weight, reduce anxiety and negative thoughts, fix relationship with family and support

night eating syndrome

consuming 1/3 or more of daily food intake after last meal of the day, getting up at least onc during night to have high calorie snack, don’t binge and rarely purge

REM sleep

intervals of sleep where eyes move rapidly and dreams occur but body is inactive

dyssomnias

problems in getting or obtaining sufficient sleep

parasomnias

abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking

polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

assessment of sleep disorders where client sleeps in lab and is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain waves, etc.

electroencephalogram

monitors brain waves

electrooculogram

monitors eye movements

electromyogram

monitors muscle movements

electrocardiogram

monitors heart activity

actigraph

small watch like device that records body movements

sleep efficiency (SE)

percentage of time actually spent sleeping of total time in bed

microsleeps

short, second long periods of sleep that occur in sleep deprived people

insomnid disorder

insufficient sleep interferes with normal functioning

are men or women more likely to report insomnia?

women are twice as likely as men

rebound insomnia

worsened sleep problems when medication are used and then withdrawan

hypersomnolence disorder

sleeping too much and it being disruptive

sleep apnea

period where you stop breathing during sleep

narcolepsy

sudden and irresistible sleep attacks

cataplexy

sudden loss of muscle tone

breathing related sleep disorders

sleep disruption causing excessive sleepiness or insomnia caused by a breathing problem

circadian rhythm sleep disorder

body’s inability to synchronize sleep patterns with day/night patterns

disorder of arousal

nREM, sleep walking and sleep terrors

sleep terrors

waking up panicked, disoriented, amnesia of incident, nREM

sleep walking

nREM

behavioral medicine

applying behavioral science to the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of medical problems

health psychology

studies psychological factors important in health promotion and maintenance

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

stages of sustained stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

stress

physiological response to a stressor

self efficacy

perception of having the ability to cope with stress or challenges

antigens

foreign materials that enter the body

auto immune disease

body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue

psychoneuroimmunology

psychological influences on neurological responding in immune system

AIDS related complex

group of minor health problems: weight loss, fever, and night sweats the appear after HIV infection

psychoncology

psychological factors in the treatment of cancer

cardiovascular disease

trouble pumping blood from heart

strokes

temporary blockage of blood vessels to brain

hypertension

high blood pressure

essential hypertension

high blood pressure without verifiable cause

coronary heart disease

blockage of arteries supplying blood to heart

acute pain

pain that goes away/heals

chronic pain

pain that doesn’t go away

endogenous opioids

occur naturally in body to shut down pain

chronic fatigue syndrome

extreme exhaustion without reasonable cause: fever, headaches, joint/muscle pain, depression, and anxiety

biofeedback

monitoring equipment to track bodily functions

relaxation response

active components of meditation: repetitive thoughts, calmness, decrease flow of stress hormones, and neurotransmitters

male hypoactive sexual disorder

man feels distress from having little to no sexual interest

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

recurrent inability to obtain/maintain arousal

vaginisumus

recurring involuntary muscle spasms in outer third of vagina

paraphilic disorder

inappropriate sexual arousal

frotteuristic disorder

gain sexual pleasure by rubbing against people in crowds

fetishistic disorder

sexual attraction to non living objects causing distress/impairment in life functioning

voyeuristic disorder

sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting people naked

exhibitionistic disorder

sexual arousal from flashing strangers

transvestic disorder

sexually aroused by wearing clothes of the opposite sex

sexual sadism

sexual arousal from inflicting pain/humiliation

sexual masochism

sexual arousal from experiencing pain/humiliation

covert sensitization

reduce unwanted behavior by imagining negative consequences of the behavior

gender dysphoria

dissatisfaction with biological gender

gender nonconformity

feminine boys and masculine girls

congenital adrenal hyperlasia

xx fetus is exposed to excess male hormones before birth

substance related and addictive disorders

use and abuse of drugs to alter the way you think, feel, and behave

impulse control disorders

acting on potentially harmful impulses

alcohol use disorder

cognitive, biological, and social problems with alcohol

psychoactive substances

substances that alter mood and/or behavior

substance use

ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that doesn’t significantly interfere with ability to function

substance abuse

pattern of psychoactive substance use that leads to significant impairment in functioning

depressants

behavioral sedation and induce relaxation: alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines

stimulants

more active and alert, elevated mood: amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine

opiates

temporarily produce analgesia (reduce pain), and euphoria: heroin, opium, codeine, morphine

hallucinogens

alter sensory perception, produce delusions, paranoia, hallucinations: cannabis and LSD

other substances

inhalants, anabolic steroids, over the counter prescriptions

gambling disorder

unable to resist urge to gamble

wernicke korsakoff

organic brain syndrome from heavy prolonged alcohol use: confusion, bad speech, no motor coordination

biological treatment

nicotine: replacement therapy and bupropion (reduce cravings)

alcohol: naltrexone(reduce reinforcing affects)

agonist substitution

replacement of a drug that a person is dependent on that has a similar chemical makeup, used for substance dependence

antagonist drugs

block or counteract effects of psychoactive drugs

intermittent explosive disorder

episodes of acting on aggressive impulses that result in assault or property destruction

kleptomania

stealing for no reason

pyromania

impulse control disorder with irresistible urge to set fires