more specific blood stuff

Eosinophil

• Granular- Small percentage of WBC’s contain a bilobed nucleus, have large granules, function in parasitic infections and play a role in allergies

Basophil

• Granular- Small percentage of WBC’s, contain a U-shaped or lobed nucleus, release histamine related to allergic reactions

Neutrophil

• Granular-About 50-70% of all WBC’s, contain a multi-lobed nucleus, upon infection they move out of circulation into tissues to use phagocytosis to engulf pathogens

Granular

– contain noticeable granules/granular cytoplasm, lobed nuclei

Agranular

– no granules/ lacking granular cytoplasm, non-lobed nuclei

Lymphocyte

• Argranular- About 25-35% of all WBC’s, large nucleus that takes up most of the cytoplasm, develop into B and T cells that are important in the immune system

Monocyte

• Argranular-Relatively uncommon, largest WBC with horseshoe-shaped nucleus

Albumins

 most abundant, important for plasmas osmotic pressure

Globulins

important in transportation

Fibrinogen

important for formation of blood clots

Hemolytic disease of the newborn –

a condition with incompatible blood types that leads to rupturing of blood cells in a baby before and continuing after birth (more about this after blood typing info) 

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

an inherited disease in which stem cells of WBC’s lack an enzyme that allows them to fight any infection

Leukemia

 groups of cancers that affect  white blood cells in which cells proliferate without control

Infectious mononucleosis

the “kissing disease” occurs when the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects lymphocytes resulting in fatigue, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes

Vital signs

• Arterial pulse

• Blood pressure

• Respiratory Rate

• Body Temperature

• Pulse – pressure wave of blood

Pericardium

 a double serous membrane outside of the heart

Epicardium

outside layer, the parietal pericardium, connective tissue layer

Myocardium

 Middle layer, Mostly cardiac muscle

Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart wall/ lining of heart chambers

Endothelium

 single layer of cells lining the entire cardiovascular system

Venules

•  The smallest veins. Collect deoxygenated blood from capillaries, leading it into larger veins